Fine-scale eye-movement differences in psychosis and their contribution to abnormal vision

精神病中的精细眼动差异及其对视力异常的影响

• 批准号: 10645812
• 负责人: Brian Patrick Keane
• 金额: $ 23.1万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10645812
• 关键词: Adult; Calibration; Cerebellar vermis structure; Characteristics; Complex; Custom; Data Collection; Differential Diagnosis; Disparate; Dorsal; Dyskinetic syndrome; Exhibits; Eye; Eye Movements; Facial Expression Recognition; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Head; Helmet; Image; Impairment; Intervention; Investigation; Lateral; Letters; Light; Literature; Measurement; Methods; Motion; Patients; Perception; Persons; Phenotype; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Process; Psychoses; Psychotic Disorders; PubMed; Reading; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Retina; Saccades; Sample Size; Schizophrenia; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; System; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual impairment; Writing; attentional bias; biobehavior; caudate nucleus; clinical predictors; digital; frontal eye fields; gaze; improved; interest; neural; novel; oculomotor; oculomotor behavior; prevent; reading ability; reading difficulties; retinal imaging; sample fixation; statistics; tool; visual tracking

Project summary/abstract Eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ) have been documented for over 100 years, yet it remains unknown whether fine-scale eye movements differ in this population. This is unfortunate because the neural structures underlying oculomotor control are well-documented, implying that group differences could shed light on the underlying illness pathophysiology. Moreover, establishing fine-scale eye movement differences could in principle provide a distinguishing biobehavioral marker, which in turn could be used for differential diagnosis or clinical prediction. Additionally, fine-scale eye movements contribute to everyday activities, such as recognizing facial expressions at a distance, reading, and discriminating fine spatial stimuli. Therefore, it is conceivable that abnormal micro- eye movements could be associated with—and even causally related to—impairments of these visual functions in psychosis. Thus, a major goal of the research described in this proposal is to establish that fine-scale eye movements do indeed differ among those with psychosis (Aim 1). These differences will be assessed in people with a psychotic disorder and in well-matched healthy adults during steady fixation and in the presence of complex foveal stimuli. In contrast to possibly all prior psychosis studies, we will use a high- precision digital Dual Purkinje Image Eye-Tracker (1 arcmin resolution) with a head-stabilizing helmet to minimize small head motions, and frequent re-calibrations throughout data collection. Additionally, a custom-made system for gaze contingent display control, will enable the implementation of a state-of-the-art calibration procedure, which effectively reduces the gaze localization error to less than 5 arcmin. Since visual acuity and reading are often impaired among psychosis patients and may even portend a future psychotic disorder, we will attempt to generate group differences with tasks that probe these same processes. Moreover, to establish a reference baseline for fine oculomotor behavior and to consider hitherto unnoticed problems in fixational stability, we will assess small eye movement differences during steady fixation without an active task. Aside from assessing whether micro- eye movement differences characterize psychosis, we will also assess their relationship to visual perceptual deficits (Aim 2). In particular, we will probe for correlations between microsaccade characteristics and the magnitude of visual acuity and reading deficits. We will also consider whether trials with a higher rate of microsaccades are related to impaired reading or impaired visual acuity compared to trials without such eye movements, and whether image stabilization on the retina (which removes the benefits of microsaccades) worsens acuity more for controls than for patients. Findings will inform our understanding of how eye movement differences in psychosis are related to perception at the micro-scale, which in turn can suggest novel treatments or interventions for improving poor visual acuity and reading.

项目概要/摘要 精神分裂症（SZ）的眼动异常已经记录了100多年，但它仍然存在。 尚不清楚这一人群的精细眼球运动是否不同。这是不幸的，因为神经 眼部控制的基础结构有很好的记录，这意味着群体差异可以揭示 潜在疾病的病理生理学。此外，建立精细尺度的眼动差异可以在 原则提供了一个区别的生物行为标志物，这反过来又可以用于鉴别诊断或 临床预测此外，精细的眼球运动有助于日常活动，例如识别 远距离的面部表情、阅读和辨别细微的空间刺激。因此，可以想象， 异常的微眼运动可能与这些功能的损伤有关，甚至是因果关系。 精神病的视觉功能因此，本提案所述研究的一个主要目标是确定， 精细尺度的眼球运动确实在精神病患者之间存在差异（目标1）。这些差异将是 在精神障碍患者和匹配良好的健康成年人中进行评估， 复杂中央凹刺激的存在。与之前所有的精神病研究不同，我们将使用高- 精密数字双浦肯野图像眼动仪（1弧分分辨率），头部稳定头盔，以尽量减少 小的头部运动，以及在整个数据收集过程中频繁的重新校准。此外，定制系统 对于视凝视而定的显示控制，将使得能够实现现有技术的校准过程， 这有效地将注视定位误差减小到小于5弧分。因为视力和阅读 在精神病患者中经常受损，甚至可能预示着未来的精神障碍，我们将尝试 用探究这些相同过程的任务来产生群体差异。此外，为了建立一个参考 为了获得良好的眼固行为的基线，并考虑到迄今为止未被注意到的固视稳定性问题，我们将 在没有主动任务的情况下，评估稳定注视期间的小眼动差异。除了评估 无论微眼运动差异是否表征精神病，我们也将评估它们与视觉的关系。 知觉缺陷（目标2）。特别是，我们将探讨微眼跳特征之间的相关性 以及视力和阅读缺陷的程度。我们还将考虑， 的微扫视与阅读受损或视敏度受损有关 运动，以及是否在视网膜上的图像稳定（这消除了微扫视的好处） 对照组比患者组更易出现视力下降。这些发现将有助于我们理解眼球运动 精神病的差异与微观尺度的感知有关，这反过来又可以提出新的治疗方法 或用于改善差的视敏度和阅读的干预。