Contributions of attentional and inhibitory functioning to saccadic decisions

注意和抑制功能对扫视决策的贡献

• 批准号: 10652799
• 负责人: Carly J Leonard
• 金额: $ 45.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10652799
• 关键词: Access to Information; Address; Affect; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Clinical; Complex; Computer Models; Data; Destinations; Detection; Discrimination; Disease; Environment; Etiology; Eye; Eye Movements; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Peripheral; Persons; Play; Population; Process; Production; Psychophysics; Reaction Time; Research; Role; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Speed; Stimulus; System; Testing; Time; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual System; Work; behavioral outcome; cognitive function; data modeling; distraction; gaze; improved; individual variation; infancy; neurophysiology; novel; oculomotor; oculomotor behavior; prevent; sample fixation; skills; theories; visual cognition; visual information; visual tracking

Project Summary Saccades are a fundamental behavior that enables functional vision by frequently changing which input receives foveal processing. Fixations are the moments in time between saccades during which new input is processed, and the destination of the next saccade is also programmed. Therefore, the decision to produce a saccade is complex and depends on the interaction of numerous systems. Saccadic behavior differs widely across a range of clinical states, and differences emerge in infancy. A large literature has investigated the dynamics of saccadic decisions through computational modeling and neurophysiological data. However, relatively less is known about individual differences within the typical population. The objective of this proposal is to identify underlying mechanisms that explain individual differences in fixation duration tendency, and to investigate how they affect downstream attentional selection. In Aim 1, independent measures of attentional and inhibitory functioning will be compared against individual fixation duration variability. Psychophysical thresholding will determine sensitivity to peripheral targets at a range of eccentricities while fixation is maintained. Thus, individual differences in ability to detect task-relevant peripheral information, critical for planning a saccade, will be measured. Inhibitory function will be estimated as stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) obtained from a saccadic countermanding task. Inhibition plays an important role in slowing accumulation to prevent motor units from reaching threshold quickly. Previous results show that individuals with longer initial fixations make larger amplitude saccades and may land closer to a target. Therefore, enhanced peripheral detection abilities are hypothesized to cooccur with longer fixation duration tendencies. Alternatively or in addition, individual inhibitory function is hypothesized to prevent fast saccades and extend fixation durations. Aim 2 will investigate how individual tendency for short fixation durations affects the choice of saccade destination. This aim uses more complex search displays than Aim 1, with strong competition from salient distractors. A novel hypothesis is proposed about the relationship between individual differences in SSRT and oculomotor capture: individuals with longer SSRT will produce more fast saccades to salient distractors. Finally, Aim 3 will use novel methodology to investigate individual differences in fixation duration known to occur during extended viewing of natural scenes. A dynamic useful field of view (UFOV) task will use gaze-contingent probe presentation at precise eccentricities to measure individual sensitivity to peripheral information during free-viewing. This measure of peripheral processing will more directly mirror conditions present during natural vision, and these measures of attentional breadth are predicted to relate to individual differences in fixation behavior during free-viewing of natural scenes. The long-term goal is to bridge a gap between theories from computational models of neurophysiological data and human saccadic behavior. Understanding the etiology of oculomotor behavior can help target treatments for disorders and shed light on how individual variability might alter visual information acquisition and environmental interactions.

项目摘要 扫视是一种基本行为，可以通过经常更改输入接收来实现功能视觉 中央凹处理。固定是处理新输入的扫视之间的时间， 下一个扫视的目的地也已编程。因此，生产扫视的决定是 复杂，取决于众多系统的相互作用。在一个范围内，saccadic行为差异很大 临床状态和婴儿期出现差异。大型文献研究了saccadic的动态 通过计算建模和神经生理数据的决策。但是，关于 典型人群中的个体差异。该提议的目的是确定基础 解释固定持续时间趋势中个体差异并研究它们如何影响的机制 下游注意力选择。在AIM 1中，独立的注意力和抑制功能的度量将 与单个固定持续时间变异性进行比较。心理物理阈值将决定灵敏度 在保持固定时，要在一系列偏心率的外围目标。因此，能力的个体差异 为了检测与任务相关的外围信息，将测量对扫视至关重要的关键。抑制功能 将估计为从SACCADIC反对任务中获得的停止信号反应时间（SSRT）。抑制 在减慢积累以防止运动单元迅速达到阈值方面起着重要作用。以前的 结果表明，初始固定较长的人会使幅度更大，可能会更接近 目标。因此，假设增强的外围检测能力可与更长的固定相同 持续时间倾向。或者，假设单个抑制功能以防止快速 扫视并延长固定持续时间。 AIM 2将调查个人在短期固定持续时间的趋势 影响扫视目的地的选择。此目标使用比目标1更复杂的搜索显示， 竞争来自显着的干扰物。提出了一个关于个体之间关系的新假设 SSRT和动眼捕获的差异：SSRT较长的个体将产生更快的扫视 显着的干扰物。最后，AIM 3将使用新颖的方法研究固定的个体差异 已知在自然场景的扩展观看期间发生的持续时间。动态有用的视野（UFOV）任务 将在精确的偏心率上使用目光诱导的探针表现来衡量个人对 免费查看期间的外围信息。这种外围处理的度量将更直接地镜像 自然视觉期间存在的条件以及这些注意力广度的衡量标准将与 自然场景自由观看期间，固定行为的个体差异。长期目标是桥接 从神经生理学数据的计算模型和人类囊性行为的计算模型中的理论之间的差距。 了解动眼行为的病因可以帮助靶向疾病的治疗方法，并阐明 个人变异性如何改变视觉信息获取和环境互动。