Impact of COVID-19 related stay-at-home orders on traffic, traffic-related air pollution, and cardiovascular health in New York City

COVID-19 相关的居家令对纽约市交通、交通相关空气污染和心血管健康的影响

• 批准号: 10403961
• 负责人: Jenni Shearston
• 金额: $ 2.97万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2023-07-07
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10403961
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Air Pollution; Applied Research; Area; Biostatistical Methods; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; Cardiovascular system; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Complex; Congestive; Country; Cross-Over Studies; Crossover Design; Data; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Emergency department visit; Environment; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Health; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Exposure to; Face; Future; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Benefit; Health Disparities Research; Health Status; Healthcare; Home; Hospitalization; Hour; Hypertension; Inequality; Intervention; Literature; Maps; Measures; Mentorship; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Myocardial Infarction; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; New York City; Nitrogen Dioxide; Non-linear Models; Obesity; Oral; Outcome; Persons; Policies; Public Health Schools; Reporting; Research Design; Resolution; Resources; Schools; Science; Site; Socioeconomic Status; Stroke; Suggestion; Time; Tracer; Training; Travel; Universities; Variant; Writing; burden of illness; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular health; cardiovascular risk factor; care seeking; coronavirus disease; crowdsourcing; design; environmental health disparity; epidemiology study; experience; improved; indexing; low socioeconomic status; mortality; novel; oral communication; pandemic disease; prevent; public health research; response; skills; spatiotemporal; stroke risk; student training; success; temporal measurement; traffic-related air pollution

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Globally, air pollution is responsible for an estimated 4.2 million deaths per year. In New York City (NYC), traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) contributes to an estimated 320 deaths and 870 hospitalizations per year and is associated with increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI); additionally, lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups face a higher burden. Stay-at-home orders in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) pandemic can be thought of as a traffic intervention policy; it has impacted traffic congestion and TRAP at an unprecedented level. However, this change has not been assessed at fine spatio-temporal resolution in NYC, challenging the epidemiologic study of its impact on stroke and MI, including variation by SES and chronic disease burden (CDB; i.e., proportion of people with hypertension, diabetes, obesity). During the pandemic, substantial decreases in emergency department visits for stroke and MI, which can be triggered by TRAP, have been observed. While this decrease is likely driven in part by reduced care seeking, given known associations between TRAP and stroke/MI, the large decreases in TRAP likely contributed to this decline. However, this has not yet been investigated in NYC. Additionally, given that the vehicle fleet composition has likely shifted during the pandemic (e.g., proportionally more delivery trucks), the relationship between congestion, TRAP, and stroke/MI during the pandemic is not known. To address these gaps, this proposal will: (1) evaluate the impact of stay-at-home orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic on (A) traffic congestion and (B) TRAP in NYC; and assess variation in congestion by indices of SES and CDB; (2) estimate the number of acute TRAP-associated stroke and MI hospitalizations expected to be prevented by altered TRAP during the pandemic, compare to total observed changes in stroke/MI hospitalizations, and assess variability by SES and CDB; and (3) (exploratory) investigate the associations between congestion, TRAP, stroke, and MI hospitalizations during the pandemic. The main goal of the training plan is to provide the applicant with the skills, expertise, and experience to conduct rigorous public health research in the field of environmental epidemiology, with a focus in air pollution and health disparities research. The training plan includes a mix of formal didactic training, applied research experience, professional development, and oral presentation opportunities. It will focus on the following training priorities: (1) causal inference; (2) environmental health disparities; (3) air pollution exposure assessment for large-scale health studies; (4) strategies for oral communication of science; (5) advanced biostatistical methods for environmental health sciences; and (6) training in grant writing, design, and management. The environment of Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health is ideal for the proposed project, given the school's commitment to training students, exceptional expertise and resources available in environmental health sciences and environmental epidemiology, and the unparalleled mentorship team assembled for this proposal.

项目概要/摘要 在全球范围内，空气污染每年估计导致 420 万人死亡。在纽约市 (NYC)， 与交通相关的空气污染 (TRAP) 每年估计导致 320 人死亡和 870 人住院 与中风和心肌梗死 (MI) 的风险增加有关；此外，社会经济水平较低 地位（SES）群体面临着更高的负担。为应对冠状病毒病（COVID-19）而发布的居家令 19）大流行可以被认为是一种交通干预政策；它影响了交通拥堵和 TRAP 达到前所未有的水平。然而，这种变化尚未在纽约市以精细的时空分辨率进行评估， 挑战其对中风和 MI 影响的流行病学研究，包括 SES 和慢性疾病的变化 疾病负担（CDB；即高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症患者的比例）。疫情期间， 因 TRAP 引发的中风和心梗而就诊的急诊人数大幅减少 被观察到。鉴于已知的关联，这种下降可能部分是由于寻求护理的减少造成的 在 TRAP 和中风/MI 之间，TRAP 的大幅下降可能导致了这种下降。然而，这已经 纽约市尚未进行调查。此外，考虑到车队的构成可能在期间发生了变化 流行病（例如，相应增加的送货卡车）、拥堵、TRAP 和 大流行期间的中风/心肌梗死尚不清楚。为了解决这些差距，该提案将：（1）评估影响 与 COVID-19 大流行相关的居家令对 (A) 纽约市交通拥堵和 (B) TRAP 的影响；和 通过 SES 和 CDB 指数评估拥堵变化； (2)估计急性TRAP相关的数量 与总数相比，预计在大流行期间通过改变 TRAP 可以预防中风和心梗住院 观察中风/心梗住院的变化，并通过 SES 和 CDB 评估变异性；和（3）（探索性） 调查大流行期间充血、TRAP、中风和心肌梗死住院之间的关联。 培训计划的主要目标是为申请人提供技能、专业知识和经验 在环境流行病学领域进行严格的公共卫生研究，重点关注空气污染 和健康差异研究。培训计划包括正式的教学培训、应用研究 经验、专业发展和口头演讲机会。将重点做好以下培训工作 优先事项：（1）因果推理； (2)环境健康差异； (3)空气污染暴露评估 大规模健康研究； (4) 科学口头传播策略； (5)先进的生物统计方法 环境健康科学； (6) 拨款写作、设计和管理方面的培训。环境 考虑到哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院的 致力于培养环境健康科学领域的学生、卓越的专业知识和资源 和环境流行病学，以及为该提案组建的无与伦比的指导团队。