Protective film-forming disinfectant based on chitosan/water/ethanol tertiary solutions

项目摘要 一种新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)已成为现代世界最大的挑战之一，并已 导致了全球数百万感染者和数十万人死亡的大流行。 通过呼吸道飞沫以及受污染的手和环境传播。 表面。因此，对可能受污染的表面进行清洁和消毒成为最重要的 预防冠状病毒传播的重要措施，以及社交距离和手部卫生。 目前疾控中心预防冠状病毒传播的指南特别建议清洁和 对经常接触的表面进行消毒。 商用消毒剂的使用大大减少了环境表面的微生物数量。 仅在治疗后4小时内使用。一种醇基消毒剂，其含有能够形成 耐用但可拆卸的杀生薄膜可以结合上述两种方法的优点。它会 结合因酒精存在而产生的高短期疗效和防止因以下原因而造成的微生物再污染 膜的持久功效，同时需要较少的使用频率。 VRM实验室最近开发了这种消毒剂，它含有3wt.%的壳聚糖和60%的wt.乙醇。 壳聚糖是从甲壳类动物中提取的，其抗菌和抗病毒效果是公认的。 然而，由于其水溶液的高粘度和高粘度，它尚未被用于表面消毒剂 需要较长的干燥时间才能形成连续的薄膜。我们建议的配方具有低粘度，出色的 成膜性能和干燥时间与目前使用的消毒剂相似。在初步研究中，门 经过这种新配方处理的手柄在处理后可防止微生物生长长达48小时。 这项第一阶段研究的目标是创建一种优化的壳聚糖基消毒剂原型，并测试其 在医疗保健环境中的有限规模研究中的杀菌和杀病毒性能。在Aim I中，我们将描述 薄膜形成特性，包括薄膜厚度、薄膜耐久性、耐磨性和薄膜干燥时间 不同浓度的壳聚糖和乙醇的配方。我们还将在体外评估抗菌剂和 这些壳聚糖基涂层的抗病毒效果与已知的最常见病原体有关 环境表面的感染源，并使用代理冠状病毒模拟抗病毒作用 新冠肺炎。在目标二中，我们将使用目标一中开发的优化配方为几个指定的电梯涂装。 医疗设施(南卡罗来纳州格林维尔纪念医院)中的按钮、门把手和床栏。我们 然后定期从这些涂层表面收集环境拭子，并比较微生物 病毒计数与根据目前医院方案处理的相似表面获得的病毒计数相同。这些 实验将有助于确定涂层的有效时间窗口。

Project Summary A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become one of the greatest challenges of the modern world and has caused a pandemic with millions of infected people and hundreds of thousands of deaths around the globe. Transmissions occur through respiratory droplets, as well as through contaminated hands and environmental surfaces. Therefore, cleaning and disinfection of potentially contaminated surfaces becomes one of the most important measures in prevention of coronavirus transmission, along with social distancing and hand hygiene. Current CDC guidelines for preventing transmission of coronavirus specifically recommend cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces. The use of commercially available disinfectants significantly reduces microbial counts on environmental surfaces for only up to 4 hours after treatment. An alcohol-based disinfectant with a compound capable of forming a durable but removable biocidal film could combine the advantages of both approaches described above. It would combine high short-term efficacy due to the presence of alcohol and prevent microbial re-contamination due to the long-lasting efficacy of the film, while requiring less frequent applications. VRM Labs has recently developed such disinfectant, which contains 3 wt. % chitosan and 60 % wt. ethanol. Chitosan is obtained from crustacean shells and its antimicrobial and antiviral efficacy is well-established. However, it has not been used in surface disinfectants because of high viscosity of its aqueous solutions and long drying times required to form a continuous film. Our proposed formulation has low viscosity, outstanding film-forming properties and drying time similar to that for currently used disinfectants. In preliminary studies, door handles treated by this novel formulation prevented microbial growth for up to 48 hours after treatment. The goal of this Phase I study is to create an optimized prototype of chitosan-based disinfectant and to test its bactericidal and viricidal performance in a limited-scale study in a healthcare setting. In Aim I, we will characterize film formation properties, including film thickness, film durability, abrasion resistance, and film drying times for formulations with different chitosan and ethanol concentrations. We will also evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and antiviral efficacy of these chitosan-based coatings with the most common pathogens involved known to be a source of infection on environmental surfaces, and with a surrogate coronavirus to mimic antiviral action against COVID-19. In Aim II, we will use the optimized formulation developed in Aim I to coat several designated elevator buttons, door handles, and bed rails in a medical facility (Greenville Memorial Hospital in South Carolina). We will then collect environmental swabs from these coated surfaces on a regular basis and compare the microbial and viral counts to those obtained from similar surfaces treated according to the current hospital protocol. These experiments will help to determine the efficacy time window for the coating.