Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

传染病流行病学

• 批准号: 10656475
• 负责人: Albert Hofman
• 金额: $ 36.32万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-30 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10656475
• 关键词: Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Project Summary Despite progress in prevention and treatment by sanitation, antimicrobials, vaccines, and other measures, infectious diseases still threaten life and health. In 2016, communicable diseases accounted for over 17% of disability-adjusted life years lost worldwide. With globalization, infectious disease threats (previously seen as being limited to less-developed countries) threaten everyone (like Ebola, HIV, MERS, pandemic influenza, and growing resistance to antimicrobial drugs). The combination of computational power and “Big Data” provides a new opportunity to study infectious diseases and their transmission through novel approaches, necessitating new sophistication in the training of infectious disease epidemiologists. We recognize the need for a corps of academic and government epidemiologists, equipped to deploy sophisticated approaches to causal inference, transmission-dynamic modeling, model fitting using MCMC and other Bayesian techniques, population genomics, phylogenetics, and other novel techniques. The goal of Harvard Chan School of Public Health’s (HSPH) Interdisciplinary Program in Infectious Disease Epidemiology (IPIDE) is to train graduates who can apply these diverse tools to meet the infectious disease threats of a new generation. Our training faculty includes leading practitioners of all of these techniques and our recent graduates are emerging with deep training, research experience, and publications in many of these areas. The training program includes coursework in epidemiology, drug resistance, and mathematical modeling of disease from IPIDE under the close supervision of our 25 faculty mentors, leading either to a DSc or a PhD. A tremendously successful postdoctoral training program has to date relied on research funding. Harvard’s IPIDE has been running successfully for 20 years, and this training grant has helped develop not only a new cadre of students with the capacity to monitor, prevent, and suppress diverse emerging infectious diseases but has also allowed IPIDE to expand its faculty, funding, diversity of research, and, the number of students who join the infectious disease epidemiology program. Over the past ten years, 23 trainees have been supported, 18 graduated, and they published 581 peer-reviewed manuscripts (177 first author publications). For the current submission, we propose to support 5 pre-doc and 2 post-doctoral trainees each year over the next five-year project period. Adding these postdoctoral positions will realize synergies and collaborative opportunities between pre- and postdoctoral fellows and create the opportunity to build new means of integrating postdocs into the highly interdisciplinary training environment.

项目摘要 尽管通过卫生设施、抗菌剂、疫苗和其他方法在预防和治疗方面取得了进展， 尽管采取了一些措施，但传染病仍然威胁着生命和健康。2016年，传染病 占全世界残疾调整寿命年损失的17%以上。随着全球化， 传染病威胁（以前认为仅限于欠发达国家） 每个人（如埃博拉病毒，艾滋病毒，中东呼吸综合征，大流行性流感，以及对抗生素的耐药性不断增加） 药物）。计算能力和“大数据”的结合提供了一个新的机会， 研究传染病及其传播通过新的方法，需要新的 传染病流行病学家培训的复杂性。我们认识到需要有一个 由学术界和政府流行病学家组成的团队，配备了先进的 方法因果推理，传输动态建模，模型拟合使用MCMC和 其他贝叶斯技术、群体基因组学、遗传学和其他新技术。 哈佛陈公共卫生学院（HSPH）跨学科项目的目标是， 传染病流行病学（IPIDE）是培养毕业生谁可以应用这些不同的工具 以应对新一代的传染病威胁。我们的培训教师包括领导 所有这些技术的实践者和我们最近的毕业生都经过了深入的培训， 研究经验，并在许多这些领域的出版物。培训计划包括 流行病学、耐药性和疾病数学建模课程 在我们的25名教师导师的密切监督下，导致DSc或博士学位。一 迄今为止，非常成功的博士后培养计划依赖于研究经费。 哈佛的IPIDE已经成功运行了20年，这项培训补助金已经 不仅帮助培养了一批有能力监测、预防和 抑制各种新出现的传染病，但也使IPIDE扩大其教师队伍， 资金，研究的多样性，以及参加传染病研究的学生人数 流行病学计划。在过去的十年里，23名受训人员得到了支助，18名毕业， 他们发表了581篇同行评议的手稿（177篇第一作者出版物）。为当前 提交，我们建议支持5个前博士和2个博士后培训生，每年在 下一个五年计划。增加这些博士后职位将实现协同效应， 博士前和博士后研究员之间的合作机会，并创造机会， 建立将博士后纳入高度跨学科培训环境的新方法。

项目成果

Causal discovery for the microbiome.

• DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00186-0
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: LANCET MICROBE
• 影响因子: 38.2
• 作者: Corander, Jukka;Hanage, William P.;Pensar, Johan
• 通讯作者: Pensar, Johan

Frequency-dependent selection can forecast evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000878
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: PLoS biology
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Azarian T;Martinez PP;Arnold BJ;Qiu X;Grant LR;Corander J;Fraser C;Croucher NJ;Hammitt LL;Reid R;Santosham M;Weatherholtz RC;Bentley SD;O'Brien KL;Lipsitch M;Hanage WP
• 通讯作者: Hanage WP

Adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis for non-forcible sexual exposure to HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

遵守暴露后的预防性对艾滋病毒的性暴露：系统评价和荟萃分析。

• DOI: 10.1007/s10461-013-0567-0
• 发表时间: 2014-02
• 期刊: AIDS AND BEHAVIOR
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Oldenburg, Catherine E.;Baernighausen, Till;Harling, Guy;Mimiaga, Matthew J.;Mayer, Kenneth H.
• 通讯作者: Mayer, Kenneth H.

Trial of Three Rounds of Mass Azithromycin Administration for Yaws Eradication.

• DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2109449
• 发表时间: 2022-01-06
• 期刊: The New England journal of medicine
• 作者: John LN;Beiras CG;Houinei W;Medappa M;Sabok M;Kolmau R;Jonathan E;Maika E;Wangi JK;Pospíšilová P;Šmajs D;Ouchi D;Galván-Femenía I;Beale MA;Giacani L;Clotet B;Mooring EQ;Marks M;Vall-Mayans M;Mitjà O
• 通讯作者: Mitjà O

Food insufficiency is a risk factor for suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-infected adults in urban Peru.

• DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9789-6
• 发表时间: 2011-10
• 期刊: AIDS AND BEHAVIOR
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Franke, Molly F.;Murray, Megan B.;Munoz, Maribel;Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia;Luis Sebastian, Jose;Atwood, Sidney;Caldas, Adolfo;Bayona, Jaime;Shin, Sonya S.
• 通讯作者: Shin, Sonya S.