Neurocognitive Predictors of Anxiety Risk Among Behaviorally Inhibited Children

行为抑制儿童焦虑风险的神经认知预测因素

• 批准号: 10661343
• 负责人: Emilio Alejandro Valadez
• 金额: $ 19.04万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10661343
• 关键词: 11 year old; Acceleration; Adolescence; Adult; Anxiety; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Brain; Brain region; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Coupled; Data; Detection; Development; Dissociation; Distress; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Emotional disorder; Environment; Fostering; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Future; Goals; Infant; Informal Social Control; Intercept; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Population; Prevention; Process; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Source; Specificity; Statistical Data Interpretation; Techniques; Temperament; Testing; Time; Toddler; Training; Training Programs; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Youth; age group; analytical method; behavior influence; career; cognitive control; control theory; design; experience; follow-up; functional magnetic resonance imaging/electroencephalography; high risk; improved; individual variation; infant temperament; longitudinal design; middle childhood; neural; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; novel therapeutics; predictive modeling; prevent; programs; prospective; recruit; risk prediction; skills; source localization; temporal measurement

The temperament of behavioral inhibition (BI) is seen in approximately 10-15% of infants and it is among the earliest and strongest predictors of later anxiety. Nevertheless, around 50% of toddlers with high BI do not manifest anxiety problems in childhood or adolescence. Preliminary evidence suggests that cognitive control moderates BI-related anxiety risk, with higher risk among youth who rely more on reactive control strategies than on proactive control strategies. To date, work examining BI youth has largely measured cognitive control and anxiety concurrently, limiting the ability to predict future clinical outcomes. Moreover, the neural mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive control remain underspecified, partly because these two types of control may involve overlapping brain regions. This K23 application presents a research and training program that will support the applicant on a path toward becoming an NIH-funded independent investigator focused on neurocognitive mechanisms that moderate the early-life risk for emotional difficulties such as anxiety. The activities in this application build on the candidate’s prior training and are set in a resource-rich environment that will foster the development of expertise in 1) advanced neuroimaging analytic methods such as fMRI-constrained source localization of EEG, and 2) design, statistical analysis, and interpretation of longitudinal research to study changes in functioning over time. The current research proposal uses an accelerated longitudinal design and combines EEG and fMRI measures in a sample of 100 9- to 11-year-olds with and without a history of high BI. Proactive control, reactive control, and anxiety will each be assessed twice, 1 year apart. This design will allow the candidate to 1) test cross-sectional associations between neural measures of proactive/reactive control and child anxiety at baseline, 2) identify commonalities in neural substrates of cognitive control as measured across EEG and fMRI, and 3) test for temporal precedence of proactive and reactive control over anxiety. The overarching hypothesis is that, specifically among children with high BI, high reliance on reactive control and low reliance on proactive control prospectively predict worsening anxiety difficulties. This training and research program will facilitate the candidate’s transition to an independent research career, will inform the assessment and identification of youth at particularly high risk for future anxiety problems, and provide viable target mechanisms for early prevention efforts. RELEVANCE: The novel combined application of fMRI and EEG to the study of cognitive control will shed light on the unique contributions of proactive and reactive control on anxiety risk among youth with BI. This, coupled with a prospective longitudinal design, will help enhance prediction of anxiety outcomes among BI youth. In the long term, results may be used to inform: 1) the identification of BI youth at particularly elevated risk for future anxiety, and 2) the development of novel therapeutics to prevent or treat anxiety in this population.

大约10-15%的婴儿存在行为抑制（BI）气质，这是最常见的现象之一。 最早也是最强的焦虑预测因子然而，大约50%的高BI幼儿没有 在童年或青春期表现出焦虑问题。初步证据表明认知控制 中度BI相关焦虑风险，更多依赖反应性控制策略的青年风险更高 而不是主动控制策略。迄今为止，研究BI青年的工作主要是测量认知控制 和焦虑，限制了预测未来临床结果的能力。此外，神经 主动和被动控制的机制仍然不明确，部分原因是这两种类型 可能涉及重叠的大脑区域。此K23应用程序提供了一个研究和培训 该计划将支持申请人成为NIH资助的独立调查员 专注于神经认知机制，减轻早期生活中的情绪困难风险，如 焦虑此应用程序中的活动建立在候选人之前的培训基础上，并设置在资源丰富的 环境，这将促进专业知识的发展，1）先进的神经影像分析方法，如 作为EEG的fMRI约束源定位，以及2）设计、统计分析和解释 纵向研究，研究功能随时间的变化。目前的研究建议使用一个 加速纵向设计，并结合EEG和fMRI的措施，在100个9至11岁的样本 有无高血糖史主动控制、反应控制和焦虑将分别进行评估 两次，相隔一年。这种设计将允许候选人1）测试神经系统之间的横截面关联 主动/反应控制和儿童焦虑的基线测量，2）确定神经系统的共性 通过EEG和fMRI测量的认知控制的底物，和3）测试的时间优先性 主动和被动控制焦虑。总体假设是，特别是在患有 高BI、高度依赖反应性控制和低依赖主动性控制前瞻性预测恶化 焦虑困难。这个培训和研究计划将促进候选人的过渡到一个 独立的研究生涯，将为评估和确定处于特别高风险的青年提供信息， 未来的焦虑问题，并为早期预防工作提供可行的目标机制。 相关性：功能磁共振成像和脑电图在认知控制研究中的新的联合应用将揭示 主动和被动控制对青少年BI焦虑风险的独特贡献。这一点， 采用前瞻性纵向设计，将有助于提高BI青少年焦虑结果的预测。在 从长期来看，结果可用于提供以下信息：1）确定未来BI风险特别高的青少年 焦虑，和2）开发新的治疗方法来预防或治疗这一人群的焦虑。