Regenerative Ultramicroelectrode arrays for sensory-motor specific interfacing

项目摘要 全球约有400万人被截肢，估计每年增加20万人。上肢 截肢者传统上使用被动的、身体驱动的或电力驱动的假肢， 肌电图（EMG）信号从完整的肌肉在残肢的运动，尽管 运动伪影、可变性以及用户对视觉和/或替代感觉控制的需要。先进 周围神经系统（PNS）接口已被提出作为一种可行的机制，以改善 由截肢者控制，通过阅读来自机器人假肢的自然感觉反馈。不幸的是， 当前的神经接口遭受常见的挑战，以及电极故障、信号恶化， 时间，EMG污染和电气和不稳定的感官知觉，包括“刺痛或刺痛”仍然存在 一个挑战.这项研究使用了两种新的策略，旨在提高选择性的 PNS接口处的记录/刺激：1）使用创新的再生多电极 使用我们最近开发的超薄多电极阵列与超小记录位点接口，以及 2)结合分子引导线索以影响神经元中感觉神经元的类型， 接口.这种选择性再生超微多电极阵列（RUMEA）的设计， 通过将其与分子指导相结合来区分运动和皮肤神经接口， 生物工程的内容，感觉运动轴突在电极接口。三个具体目标 包括：在SA 1 36电极RUMA中，将制造直形和Y形器械， 电化学和机械测试。在SA 2中，我们试图证明从电机选择性记录 轴突和唤起触摸知觉使用鲁马。在SA 3中，我们将演示选择性接口， 运动和触觉轴突在上肢截肢大鼠模型的双向神经机器接口，使用 分子引导的RUMA如果成功，该策略将证明使用鲁马的好处， 运动神经轴突的选择性记录，以及刺激引起自然主义的感觉方式轴突 感官知觉截肢者外周神经接口的这一进步，将减少认知障碍。 为机器人假肢的用户的负担，并减少与电气相关的异常感觉 刺激PNS。

Project Summary Approximately 4 million amputees globally, a number estimated to grow 200,000 annually. Upper limb amputees traditionally use passive, body powered, or electrically powered prostheses that use surface Electromyographic (EMG) signals from intact muscles in the residual limb for movement, despite the motion artifacts, variability and need of visual and/or surrogate sensory control by the user. Advanced peripheral nervous system (PNS) interfaces have been proposed as a viable mechanism to improve the control by amputees, by reading naturalistic sensory feedback from the robotic prosthetics. Unfortunately, current neural interfaces suffer from common challenges, and electrode failure, signal deterioration over time, EMG contamination and electrical and unstable sensory percepts, including “stings or tingles” remain a challenge. This study is uses two novel strategies designed to increase the selectivity of recording/stimulation at the PNS interface: 1) The use of an innovative regenerative multi-electrode interface with ultra-small recording sites using our recently developed ultra-thin multielectrode array , and 2) incorporation of molecular guidance cues to influence the type of sensory neurons at the neural interface. This selectivity Regenerative Ultramicro Multielectrode Array (RUMEA) is designed to discriminate between motor and cutaneous neural interfacing by combining it with molecular guidance to biologically engineer the content of sensory-motor axons at the electrode interface. Three specific aims are included: In SA1 36-electrode RUMAs, straight and Y-shape devices, will be fabricated and electrochemical and mechanical tested. In SA2 we seek to demonstrate selective recording from motor axons and evoke touch percepts using the RUMA. In SA3, we will demonstrate selective interfacing of motor and tactile axons in an upper limb amputee rat model of bidirectional Nerve Machine Interface using molecularly guided RUMAs. If successful, this strategy will demonstrate the benefit for using RUMA for selective recording from motor axons, and stimulation of sensory modality axons that evoke naturalistic sensory percepts. This advancement in peripheral neural interfaces for amputees, will reduce the cognitive burden for users of robotic prosthetics, and decrease the abnormal sensations associated with electrical stimulation in the PNS.