Regenerative Ultramicroelectrode arrays for sensory-motor specific interfacing

项目摘要 全球约有400万截肢者，这一数字估计每年增长20万。上肢 截肢者传统上使用被动的、身体动力的或使用表面的电动假体。 残肢运动的完整肌肉的肌电(EMG)信号，尽管 运动伪影、可变性以及用户对视觉和/或替代感觉控制的需求。进阶 外周神经系统(PNS)接口已被提出作为一种可行的机制来改善 由截肢者控制，通过阅读来自机器人假肢的自然主义感官反馈。不幸的是， 目前的神经接口面临着共同的挑战，电极失效，信号恶化 时间、肌电污染、电和不稳定的感官知觉，包括“刺痛或刺痛”仍然存在 这是一个挑战。这项研究使用了两种新的策略，旨在增加对 PNS界面的记录/刺激：1)使用创新的再生多电极 使用我们最新开发的超薄多电极阵列与超小型记录点对接，以及 2)结合分子引导线索来影响神经上感觉神经元的类型 界面。这种选择性再生超微多电极阵列(RUMEA)旨在 结合分子引导辨别运动和皮肤神经对接 生物工程的内容的感觉-运动轴突在电极界面。三个具体目标 包括：在SA1336电极RUMA中，将制造直型和Y型器件，并 进行了电化学和机械测试。在SA2中，我们试图演示来自马达的选择性录音 轴突，并用鲁玛唤起触觉。在SA3中，我们将演示选择性接口 大鼠上肢截肢后的运动和触觉轴突双向神经机接口模型 分子引导的鲁马斯。如果成功，这一策略将展示将RUMA用于 运动轴突的选择性记录，以及刺激感觉通道轴突，唤起自然主义 感官知觉。截肢者周围神经接口的这种进步将降低认知能力 机器人假肢使用者的负担，并减少与电子设备相关的异常感觉 三叉神经节的刺激。

Project Summary Approximately 4 million amputees globally, a number estimated to grow 200,000 annually. Upper limb amputees traditionally use passive, body powered, or electrically powered prostheses that use surface Electromyographic (EMG) signals from intact muscles in the residual limb for movement, despite the motion artifacts, variability and need of visual and/or surrogate sensory control by the user. Advanced peripheral nervous system (PNS) interfaces have been proposed as a viable mechanism to improve the control by amputees, by reading naturalistic sensory feedback from the robotic prosthetics. Unfortunately, current neural interfaces suffer from common challenges, and electrode failure, signal deterioration over time, EMG contamination and electrical and unstable sensory percepts, including “stings or tingles” remain a challenge. This study is uses two novel strategies designed to increase the selectivity of recording/stimulation at the PNS interface: 1) The use of an innovative regenerative multi-electrode interface with ultra-small recording sites using our recently developed ultra-thin multielectrode array , and 2) incorporation of molecular guidance cues to influence the type of sensory neurons at the neural interface. This selectivity Regenerative Ultramicro Multielectrode Array (RUMEA) is designed to discriminate between motor and cutaneous neural interfacing by combining it with molecular guidance to biologically engineer the content of sensory-motor axons at the electrode interface. Three specific aims are included: In SA1 36-electrode RUMAs, straight and Y-shape devices, will be fabricated and electrochemical and mechanical tested. In SA2 we seek to demonstrate selective recording from motor axons and evoke touch percepts using the RUMA. In SA3, we will demonstrate selective interfacing of motor and tactile axons in an upper limb amputee rat model of bidirectional Nerve Machine Interface using molecularly guided RUMAs. If successful, this strategy will demonstrate the benefit for using RUMA for selective recording from motor axons, and stimulation of sensory modality axons that evoke naturalistic sensory percepts. This advancement in peripheral neural interfaces for amputees, will reduce the cognitive burden for users of robotic prosthetics, and decrease the abnormal sensations associated with electrical stimulation in the PNS.