Early Childhood Education and Violence Prevention Across the Life Course and Generations

整个生命历程和几代人的早期儿童教育和暴力预防

基本信息

批准号：
10676429
负责人：
Julia Schleimer
金额：
$ 4.77万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-06-16 至 2025-06-15
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10676429
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adult Affect Age Cause of Death Cessation of life Child Child Support Communities Data Demographic Factors Development Disadvantaged Economic Factors Economics Education Educational Intervention Employment Environmental Risk Factor Ethnic Origin Etiology Exhibits Exposure to Family Feeling suicidal Firearms Generations Head Start Program Health Health Services Homicide Individual Inequity Interpersonal Violence Intervention Investments Life Life Cycle Stages Link Long-Term Effects Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal Surveys Maximum Likelihood Estimate Mental Health Methodology Methods Mind National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Nursery Schools Participant Persons Policies Policy Analysis Population Poverty Primary Prevention Public Health Public Policy Quasi-experiment Race Racial Equity Reporting Research Research Personnel Risk Risk Factors Scholarship Self Direction Self-Injurious Behavior Social Conditions Social Environment Social Policies Social Work Social outcome Source Structural Racism Suicide Techniques Time Training United States Variant Victimization Violence aged assault cohesion cohort design early childhood early life adversity economic indicator economic outcome experience handgun high risk improved intergenerational neighborhood disadvantage offspring physical conditioning population health prevent programs protective factors resilience risk sharing scale up sex social social determinants social epidemiology social factors structural determinants suicidal risk theories tool transmission process violence perpetration violence prevention violent crime young adult

项目摘要

This F31 project seeks to advance the evidence on the violence prevention potential of early childhood education programs and examine the interactive effects of such programs with multi-level social, economic, and environmental factors on violence across the life course. In 2020, there were 4.6 million nonfatal violent victimizations and almost 25,000 homicides in the United States (US).1,2 That year 15.2 million people aged 12 and older reported serious thoughts of suicide, and over 45,000 people died by suicide.1,3 While firearm access is a significant determinant of violent death,4 risk is also profoundly determined by social and structural conditions across the life course and inter-generationally, including poverty, early life adversity, and economic opportunity.5 Despite evidence that sources of risk and resilience begin early in life and accumulate over the life course and across generations, and that early childhood education can address shared developmental etiologies of multiple forms of violence, there are critical gaps in our understanding of the long-term effects of large-scale early childhood education programs on violence.6 This F31 project examines the long-term effects of Head Start—one of the oldest and largest preschool programs for vulnerable children in the US—on inter- personal violence perpetration and suicidal ideation, and the social and structural factors that modify those effects. In Aim 1, we will examine inter-generational effects of Head Start on the second generation’s suicidal ideation and inter-personal violence perpetration in adolescence and adulthood using a quasi-random variation in Head Start roll-out over time and place and inter-generationally linked nationally-representative data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and Child & Young Adult cohorts. In Aim 2, we will examine whether Aim 1 effects are modified by offspring sex and race/ethnicity, community disadvantage, and state policies related to economic opportunity and structural racism. In Aim 3, we will examine the intra-generational effects of Head Start on handgun carrying and inter-personal violence perpetration in adolescence and adulthood using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. In Aim 4 will examine whether Aim 3 effects are modified by participant sex and race/ethnicity, community disadvantage, and state policies related to economic opportunity and structural racism. All Aims will use targeted maximum likelihood estimation, a doubly-robust estimator for causal inference with observational data. This project provides the opportunity to evaluate the effects of a widely implemented program to reduce the toll of violence in the nation. It will contribute to scholarship on both early childhood education and violence prevention at a time when policy conversations about violence and its social determinants are increasing in prominence and urgency. This project will provide the F31 candidate rigorous training in 1) causal inference methods for observational data, 2) quasi-experimental methods for policy evaluation, 3) content expertise in life-course theories of violence and early childhood education, and 4) social epidemiologic theories for macrosocial conditions and policies.

该F31项目旨在提高有关幼儿暴力预防潜力的证据教育计划并检查此类计划与多层次社会，经济，以及整个生活过程中暴力的环境因素。在2020年，有460万非致命暴力美国的受害和近25,000次凶杀案（美国）。1,2年1520万人年长的人报告了自杀的严重想法，有45,000多人因自杀而死亡。1,3枪支通道是暴力死亡的重要决定者，4风险也由社会和结构性决定整个生命过程中的条件和阶段间的条件，包括贫困，早期逆境和经济机会5。生命课程和跨几代人，幼儿教育可以解决共同的发展多种暴力形式的病因，我们对长期影响的理解存在关键的差距大规模的关于暴力的幼儿教育计划。6这项F31项目考试长期效果在美国，美国最古老，最大的幼儿园计划之一个人暴力实施和自杀思想，以及改变这些的社会和结构性因素效果。在AIM 1中，我们将检查头开始对第二代自杀的代际效应使用准随机变化，青少年和成年期的思想和人际关系持续性在开始启动时间和地点，以及从全国范围内链接的全国代表性数据 1979年对青年的全国纵向调查和儿童和年轻人队列。在AIM 2中，我们将检查 AIM 1效应是否通过后代性别和种族/种族，社区灾难和州来改变与经济机会和结构性种族主义有关的政策。在AIM 3中，我们将检查代内的头部启动对青少年携带和人际关系暴力持续性的影响成年期使用《国家青年纵向调查》 1997年的数据。在AIM 4中将检查AIM是否AIM 参与者性别和种族/种族，社区灾难和与国家政策有关经济机会和结构性种族主义。所有目标都将使用针对目标的最大似然估计，一个与观察数据的因果推断的双重稳定估计量。该项目提供了机会评估广泛实施的计划的影响，以减少全国暴力行为的损失。会在政策时关于暴力及其社会决定者的对话正在越来越重要。这项目将在1）观察数据的因果推理方法中提供F31候选人的严格培训， 2）政策评估的准实验方法，3）生命课程理论的内容专业知识和幼儿教育和4）针对宏观环境和政策的社会流行病学理论。