Life Stress Pathways and Resilience to Substance Misuse in Black and White Youth

黑人和白人青年的生活压力途径和对药物滥用的抵抗力

• 批准号: 10684283
• 负责人: Karen J Derefinko
• 金额: $ 64.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10684283
• 关键词: 8 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Advocate; Affect; Age; Alcohols; Birth; Black Populations; Black race; Buffers; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Cigarette; Clinic Visits; Communities; County; Data; Development; Discrimination; Electronic cigarette; Equilibrium; Exposure to; Funding; Goals; Health; Home visitation; Illicit Drugs; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Life Stress; Link; Longitudinal cohort study; Marijuana; Mediating; Methods; Mission; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurocognitive; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Prevention; Prevention approach; Preventive; Psychopathology; Public Health; Questionnaires; Reduce health disparities; Research; Research Methodology; Risk; Sampling; Second Pregnancy Trimester; Sex Differences; Social support; Stress; Stress and Coping; Structural Racism; Subgroup; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Woman; Work; Youth; addiction; adverse outcome; alcohol use initiation; behavior observation; comparison group; early childhood; early life stress; ethnic minority population; experience; longitudinal design; member; minority stress; next generation; prenatal; prenatal exposure; preventive intervention; promote resilience; protective factors; racial minority population; recruit; resilience; resilience factor; social stigma; socioeconomic disadvantage; stressor; substance misuse; theories; traumatic event

Exposure to life stressors across development is known to increase the likelihood of adolescent substance misuse, but the few available comparisons of Black and White youth have revealed a paradox. Whereas Black youth are more likely than White youth to experience stressors in the form of socioeconomic disadvantage, traumatic events, and discrimination, often within a context of structural racism, studies show they have lower rates of nearly all types of substance misuse. This paradox could have health consequences, for example, by contributing to stigma among Black individuals who do struggle with substance misuse, because the adverse consequences of substance misuse, once initiated, are more severe for Blacks than Whites. However, significant gaps in knowledge exist and will be addressed in the proposed study. Little is known about how the different types, timing, and trajectories of stress exposures, including those associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may differentially predict substance misuse for Black and White youth (Aim 1), and potentially through different mediating mechanisms (Aim 2), including parenting, neurocognitive functioning, and psychopathology. Also, it is important to understand the resilience-promoting protective factors that may be stronger buffers against stressor-related risk for substance misuse for Blacks than Whites (Aim 3). This application proposes to extend the ongoing CANDLE (Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood) study. CANDLE is a longitudinal cohort study involving 1,136 women recruited from 2006-2011 in Shelby County/Memphis, TN during their second trimesters of pregnancy, and has followed them and their children upon birth throughout childhood. The sample is 60% Black and 34% White, with the small balance reflecting other racial/ethnic minority groups. Extensive multi-method data have been collected during the prenatal period and through childhood up to age 8 years. A clinic visit with dyads at child age 10 is nearing completion and another funded clinic visit at age 12 is underway. The proposed research will collect new data in adolescence at ages 14, 15, and 16 years to examine life stressors in relation to the onset and progression of substance misuse for Black compared to White youth, with tests of differences as well as similarities in mediating pathways and resilience factors. Sex differences also will be explored. A local advisory board of Black community members and advocates has already been formed and will help guide this study. Guided by the minority stress model and stress-coping theories of addiction, the central hypotheses are that, despite a Black-White paradox, different patterns of life stress exposures will predict substance misuse for both Black and White youth, operating through selected group-specific mediating mechanisms; based on resiliency theory, Black youth also are expected to display certain unique patterns of resilience against substance misuse. CANDLE is one-of-a-kind, and the current aims hold promise for informing tailored preventive efforts.

在整个发展过程中暴露于生活压力因素会增加青少年物质的可能性 滥用，但少数可用的比较黑人和白色青年揭示了一个矛盾。而黑色 与白色青年相比，青年更有可能经历社会经济劣势形式的压力， 创伤性事件和歧视，往往在结构性种族主义的背景下，研究表明， 几乎所有类型的药物滥用率。这一矛盾现象可能会对健康产生影响，例如， 在与药物滥用作斗争的黑人个体中， 物质滥用的后果，一旦开始，对黑人比白人更严重。然而，在这方面， 在知识方面存在重大差距，将在拟议的研究中加以解决。人们对这一现象知之甚少 不同类型，时间和压力暴露的轨迹，包括与正在进行的 COVID-19大流行，可能差异预测黑人和白色青年的物质滥用（目标1）， 可能通过不同的中介机制（目标2），包括养育，神经认知功能， 和精神病理学。此外，重要的是要了解促进耐受性的保护因素， 黑人比白人更能缓冲与压力有关的药物滥用风险（目标3）。这 CANDLE（Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and 儿童早期教育（Learning in Early Childhood）CANDLE是一项纵向队列研究，招募了1，136名女性 从2006年至2011年在谢尔比县/孟菲斯，田纳西州在他们的第二个三个月的怀孕，并已遵循 他们和他们的孩子在整个童年出生。样本为60%黑色和34%白色，其中 反映其他少数种族/族裔群体的少量余额。收集了大量的多方法数据 在产前和8岁以下的儿童期。在10岁的儿童中， 即将完成，另一个12岁的受资助诊所正在进行中。该研究将收集 14、15和16岁青少年的新数据，以检查与发病和 与白色青年相比，黑人滥用药物的进展， 调解途径和弹性因素的相似性。性别差异也将被探讨。当地咨询 黑人社区成员和倡导者委员会已经成立，将帮助指导这项研究。 在少数人压力模型和成瘾的压力应对理论的指导下，中心假设是， 尽管存在黑-白悖论，但不同的生活压力暴露模式将预测两者的物质滥用。 黑人和白色青年，通过特定群体的调解机制运作;基于复原力 理论上，黑人青年也被期望表现出某些独特的对物质的适应能力 误用CANDLE是独一无二的，目前的目标有望为量身定制的预防工作提供信息。