Multi-level Assessment of Indoor Tanning Practices

描述（由申请人提供）：经常在室内晒黑的青少年可能会在以后的生活中患皮肤癌和急性不良反应的风险增加。在美国各个地理区域，关于这个年龄段的室内晒黑相关性的数据很少。此外，尽管大约一半的州有立法来提高室内晒黑期间的消费者安全，但这些法律的影响尚不清楚。在制定干预措施或其他政策以减少青少年风险之前，有必要对室内晒黑的相关因素进行全面评估。因此，拟议项目的主要目的是进行多变量分析，以解释青少年使用晒黑设施的原因。基于生态概念模型，潜在的预测因子将解决多个层面的影响，包括心理/情感，社会文化，环境和政策变量。为了实现主要目标，以及获得有价值的描述性数据，我们将收集信息，形成五个离散的数据集。将完成以下次要目标：1）对青少年进行电话采访，以评估室内晒黑使用的潜在个人水平相关性; 60 2）评估美国50个州中是否每个州都有法律试图保护消费者免受室内晒黑过度暴露于UVR的影响，以及每条法律的严格程度; 3）量化样本中100个城市中每个城市的执法水平; 4）评估每个样本城市的室内晒黑设施的数量（绝对数量和相对于人口的数量）;以及5）评估室内晒黑设施是否符合联邦法律，如果适用的话，也符合州法律。研究结果将用于为未来的多层次干预提供信息，以减少与室内晒黑相关的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescents who frequent indoor tanning establishments may be at an increased risk of developing skin cancer later in life and acute adverse reactions. Data on the correlates of indoor tanning among this age group across various geographical regions of the U.S. are scarce. Additionally, although approximately one half of the states have legislation to increase consumer safety during indoor tanning, the impact of these laws is unknown. Before developing interventions or additional policies to reduce adolescent risk, a comprehensive assessment of the correlates of indoor tanning is warranted. Therefore, the primary aim of the proposed project will be to perform a multivariate analysis to explain use of tanning facilities by adolescents. Based on an ecological conceptual model, potential predictors will address multiple levels of influence, including psychological/affective, sociocultural, environmental, and policy variables. In order to achieve the primary aim, as well as to obtain valuable descriptive data, we will collect information that will form five discrete data sets. The following secondary aims will be accomplished: 1) to conduct telephone interviews with adolescents to assess potential individual-level correlates of indoor tanning use; 60 adolescents per the largest 100 U.S. cities will be included; 2) to assess whether each of the 50 U.S. states has a law that attempts to protect consumers from overexposure to UVR from indoor tanning and the level of stringency of each law; 3) to quantify the level of law enforcement in each of the 100 cities in the sample; 4) to assess the number of indoor tanning facilities (absolute and relative to the population) in each of the sample cities; and 5) to assess compliance of indoor tanning facilities with federal and, if applicable, state laws. Findings will be used to inform future multi-level interventions for reducing risks associated with indoor tanning.