Motor Transitions in Infancy

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案中提出的问题代表了一种思考婴儿期运动过渡的新方法。这些实验并没有关注婴儿如何应对开始伸手时所固有的复杂的身体任务，而是探讨了他们为什么会这样做：是什么诱使婴儿首先对物体采取行动？我研究了三种可能的动机来源：对象驱动、他人驱动和自我驱动。实验调查了所有三种来源的影响，并进一步调查了自我驱动因素的作用，假设婴儿自己对物体的行为反馈（首先是无意产生的，后来是有意产生的）对于在适当的时间过渡到伸手是至关重要的。这种反馈是强化的，有助于吸引婴儿与物体进行更多的互动。测试这个模型需要使用粘性连指手套，这是P.I.发明的一种设备，用于研究婴儿期向伸手的过渡。总的来说，这一建议在运动发展研究中开辟了新的领域，并提供了一个新的视角，通过这个视角，研究人员可以理解婴儿期的运动转变。它还将为干预提供明确的计划，帮助有视觉或运动障碍的婴儿比正常情况下更早地开始伸手拿东西。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究通过测试三种可能的想法来调查婴儿为什么开始伸手去拿物体的问题：婴儿对物体好奇，他们想模仿其他人，和/或他们从自己行为的后果中学习。如果我们了解是什么促使典型发育的婴儿伸手去拿东西，我们就可以设计干预措施，帮助非典型发育的婴儿比正常情况下更早地伸手去拿东西。婴儿越早对自己感兴趣并开始伸手去拿物体，他们对物理世界的了解就越多。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The questions asked in this proposal represent a new way of thinking about motor transitions in infancy. Rather than focusing on how infants navigate the complicated physical tasks inherent to beginning to reach, these experiments explore why they do so: what entices infants to act on objects in the first place? I examine three possible sources of motivation: Object-driven, Other-driven, and Self-driven. Experiments investigate the influence of all three sources and go on to further investigate the role of self-driven factors, hypothesizing that feedback from infants' own actions on objects (first those produced accidentally, later those produced intentionally) is critically important for making the transition into reaching at the appropriate time. This feedback is reinforcing and helps draw infants into more interactions with objects. Testing this model involves the use of sticky mittens, a device invented by the P.I. to study the transition into reaching during infancy. Overall, this proposal breaks new ground in motor development research and offers a new lens through which researchers can understand motor transitions in infancy. It also will provide clear-cut plans for interventions that could help infants with visual or motor impairments begin reaching for objects earlier than they would otherwise. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research investigates the question of why infants begin reaching for objects by testing three possible ideas: infants are curious about objects, they want to imitate other people, and/or they learn from the consequences of their own actions. If we understand what motivates typically developing infants to reach for objects, we can design interventions to help atypically developing infants begin to reach earlier than they would otherwise. The earlier infants become interested in and begin reaching for objects on their own, the more they can learn about the physical world.