Advanced Neuroimaging: Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues

高级神经影像学：伦理、法律和社会问题

• 批准号: 7616738
• 负责人: JUDY ILLES
• 金额: $ 21.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-09 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7616738
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Arts; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attitude; Award; Benefits and Risks; Bioethics; Biological Factors; Biology; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain imaging; Child; Clinical; Communities; Data Analyses; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic tests; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Ethical Issues; Ethics; Etiology; Focus Groups; Fostering; Funding; Future; Genetic Techniques; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Growth; Guidelines; Health; Health Personnel; Human; Image; Imaging technology; Incentives; Incidental Findings; Individual; Information Dissemination; Information Retrieval; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Journals; Knowledge; Laboratories; Literature; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Mediation; Methods; Metric; Modeling; Neuraxis; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Parents; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Peer Review; Penetration; Policies; Population; Privacy; Process; Professional Self Regulation; Public Health; Publications; Publishing; Readiness; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Schizophrenia; Science; Scientist; Self Perception; Societies; Software Tools; Source; Staging; Stigmata; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Text; Therapeutic; Translational Research; Translations; United States National Institutes of Health; Upper arm; Voice; Work; age group; burden of illness; clinical practice; commercialization; cost; disease diagnosis; empowered; ethical legal social implication; expectation; human subject protection; interest; neurobehavioral; neuroethics; neuroimaging; neurotechnology; new technology; programs; social; social implication; social neuroscience; social stigma; success; text searching; translational neuroscience; trend; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For modern neuroscience to be applied for maximum public health good, it is critical to identify and address the interactions of the research with ethics and society at its earliest stages. The aims of our first award period were to identify trends in neurobehavioral research that uses functional neuroimaging, and to anticipate ethical challenges for research and clinical practice. We demonstrated the need for proactively incorporating ethics principles early in the research process, beyond well-established standards for research conduct and protection of human subjects. This proof of concept was derived through examples of clinical anomalies detected incidentally in research, increasing numbers of imaging studies that have social neuroscience content and wide visibility in the public, and emerging trends for commercialization. We demonstrated the desirability of images for aiding the diagnosis of major depressive disorder and for the anticipated impact on treatment and self-image and privacy. We further identified high expectations of neuroimaging for predicting disease, and ethical paradoxes that the still early state-of-the-art raises in comparison with that hope. In Aim 1 of this continuation, we propose to examine the integration of neuroethics into neuroscience using citation pattern analysis. We predict that consideration of ethical and societal issues in neuroscience is increasing, and that this trend can be detected through the presence of ethics themes specifically related to the brain and central nervous system in the peer-reviewed neuroscience literature. To test our hypothesis, we will analyze empirical and review human neuroscience and bioethics articles with software tools widely used for text mining. Such measures, even at this early stage for neuroethics, will establish trends for the uptake of neuroethics in the literature and elucidate epistemological challenges for neuroethics in neuroscience through patterns of ongoing discourse. In Aim 2, we will evaluate specific investigator needs for integrating neuroethics into neuroscience, using brain mapping - neuroimaging, imaging genomics and neurostimulation - as the model. We will conduct a large-scale survey and focus group study of individual investigators in different research settings to provide a detailed analysis of priorities, barriers and incentives to integrating ethics early in the research planning process. Results will describe the influences not captured by the citation analysis and topics arising, in particular, in the daily work of neuroscience investigators. In Aim 3, we will continue our translational work with key clinical stakeholders to bring their voice to the upstream development of brain mapping methods for diagnosis and intervention. Our goal is to enable the incorporation of stakeholder views, concerns and expectations in the earliest stages of the research process. Our overall approach is to address and resolve difficult ethical challenges through a negotiated scientific-social process, and to ultimately deliver methods for integrating ethics early into basic and translational neuroscience through research that is empowering of that process. For modern neuroscience research to be applied for maximum public health good, it is critical to identify and address the interactions of the research with ethics and society at its earliest stages so that a common understanding about technological promise and limitations among stakeholders is achieved, studies and applications are facilitated and not unnecessarily impeded, and policy can be informed simultaneously as the science unfolds. We will pursue this goal by gaining an understanding of the current penetration of neuroethics themes in human neuroscience literature, identifying ethics needs and priorities of researchers who use brain mapping methods, and bringing the voice of patients and practitioners upstream to the research design process.

描述（由申请人提供）：对于现代神经科学应用于最大的公共卫生利益，关键是要确定和解决研究与伦理和社会在其最早阶段的相互作用。我们第一个奖项的目的是确定使用功能性神经成像的神经行为研究的趋势，并预测研究和临床实践的伦理挑战。我们证明了在研究过程的早期，需要积极主动地将伦理原则纳入研究过程，而不仅仅是研究行为和保护人类受试者的既定标准。这一概念的证明是通过研究中偶然发现的临床异常、越来越多的具有社会神经科学内容和公众广泛可见性的成像研究以及新兴的商业化趋势的例子得出的。我们证明了图像的可取性，以帮助诊断重性抑郁症和治疗和自我形象和隐私的预期影响。我们进一步确定了对神经影像学预测疾病的高期望，以及与这种希望相比，尚处于早期的最先进技术所引发的伦理悖论。在本续的目标1中，我们建议使用引用模式分析来检查神经伦理学与神经科学的整合。我们预测，在神经科学中的伦理和社会问题的考虑正在增加，这一趋势可以通过在同行评议的神经科学文献中专门与大脑和中枢神经系统相关的伦理主题的存在来检测。为了验证我们的假设，我们将使用广泛用于文本挖掘的软件工具对人类神经科学和生物伦理学文章进行实证分析和回顾。这样的措施，即使在神经伦理学的早期阶段，将建立在文献中的神经伦理学的摄取趋势，并通过正在进行的话语模式阐明神经科学中的神经伦理学的认识论挑战。在目标2中，我们将评估将神经伦理学整合到神经科学中的特定研究者需求，使用脑映射-神经成像，成像基因组学和神经刺激-作为模型。我们将对不同研究环境中的个体研究者进行大规模调查和焦点小组研究，以详细分析在研究规划过程中早期纳入伦理的优先事项，障碍和激励措施。结果将描述引文分析未捕获的影响和出现的主题，特别是在神经科学研究人员的日常工作中。在目标3中，我们将继续与主要临床利益相关者开展转化工作，将他们的声音带到诊断和干预脑图谱方法的上游开发中。我们的目标是使利益相关者的意见，关注和期望在研究过程的最早阶段纳入。我们的总体方法是通过协商的科学社会过程来应对和解决困难的伦理挑战，并最终通过赋予该过程权力的研究，将伦理学早期融入基础和转化神经科学。为了使现代神经科学研究能够最大限度地为公共健康服务，必须在研究的早期阶段就确定和解决研究与伦理和社会的相互作用，以便利益相关者对技术前景和局限性达成共识，促进研究和应用，而不是不必要地阻碍研究和应用，并在科学发展的同时制定政策。我们将通过了解人类神经科学文献中神经伦理学主题的当前渗透来实现这一目标，确定使用脑映射方法的研究人员的伦理需求和优先事项，并将患者和从业者的声音引入研究设计过程。