Nitric Oxide Signaling in a Model Olfactory System

模型嗅觉系统中的一氧化氮信号传导

• 批准号: 7572874
• 负责人: ALAN J NIGHORN
• 金额: $ 30.56万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-03-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7572874
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Axon; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Blood Vessels; Brain; Calcium; Cell membrane; Cells; Chemicals; Communication; Data; Detection; Diffusion; Electrophysiology (science); Enzymes; Exhibits; Free Radicals; Human; Image; Immune; Insecta; Interneurons; Laboratories; Life; Lobe; Manduca sexta; Measurable; Mediating; Modeling; Molecular; Moths; Nervous system structure; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neuropil; Neurotransmitters; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Odors; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Organism; Pattern; Play; Process; Production; Progress Reports; Pump; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Series; Signal Transduction; Signaling Molecule; Soluble Guanylate Cyclase; Structure; Sucrose; Synapses; System; Talents; Testing; Time; Vertebrates; Work; base; classical conditioning; design; flexibility; information processing; insight; olfactory bulb; patch clamp; research study; response; small molecule; tool

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, gaseous free radical molecule that can mediate cellular signaling that is critical for the proper functioning of the vascular, immune and nervous systems. Within the nervous system, its ability to cross cell membranes and mediate communication between cells in the absence of specialized synaptic machinery gives it a power and flexibility not possible for conventional neurotransmitters. High levels of nitric oxide synthase (the enzyme that generates NO) expression has led to the hypothesis that NO mediates and/or modulates signaling within the primary olfactory neuropil. This idea has been strengthened by the observation that the hallmark spheroidal structures within the primary olfactory neuropil could be ideal to regulate the diffusion of a small molecule such as NO. This proposal takes advantage of the relative simplicity, but parallel organization of an insect olfactory system to investigate the function of NO signaling within the primary olfactory neuropil. We will investigate the production, diffusion, and function of NO within the olfactory system. This will be done by applying the talents of a group of expert researchers to complete the following three specific aims: (1) Characterize odor-induced NO production and diffusion within the AL. (2) Characterize the functional roles of NO signaling in AL neurons. (3) Characterize the behavioral consequences of interfering with NO signaling in the AL. The successful completion of these specific aims will result in a very detailed understanding of the role of NO in the function of this model olfactory system. This understanding will yield insight into the function of this important signaling system in other organisms including humans. In addition, these insights will likely serve as the basis for other experiments designed to examine the role of this very important signaling molecule both in other olfactory systems and in the nervous system in general.

一氧化氮（NO）是一个小的气态自由基分子，可以介导细胞信号传导 对于血管，免疫和神经系统的正确功能至关重要。在紧张中 系统，其跨细胞膜的能力并在不存在的情况下介导细胞之间的通信 专门的突触机械赋予了传统的能力和灵活性 神经递质。高水平的一氧化氮合酶（产生NO的酶）具有 导致了这样的假设，即没有介导和/或调节原发性神经胶质内的信号传导。 通过观察到的标志性球形结构，已经加强了这个想法 原发性嗅觉神经肽可能是调节小分子（例如NO）的扩散的理想选择。 该提议利用了相对简单性，但昆虫嗅觉的平行组织 系统以研究原发性嗅觉神经胶质内无信号的功能。我们将 研究嗅觉系统中NO的生产，扩散和功能。这将完成 通过应用一组专家研究人员的才能完成以下三个具体目标： （1）表征气味诱导的无产生和扩散。 （2）表征 AL神经元中无信号的功能作用。 （3）表征的行为后果 干扰AL中没有信号。 这些特定目标的成功完成将导致非常详细的理解 NO在该模型嗅觉系统功能中的作用。这种理解将产生洞察力 这种重要的信号系统在包括人类在内的其他生物中的功能。另外，这些 洞察力可能会作为旨在检查这一作用的其他实验的基础 重要的信号分子在其他嗅觉系统中和一般神经系统中。