From infra- to ultrasound: Diversity in acoustic processing by the vertebrate ear

从红外线到超声波：脊椎动物耳朵声学处理的多样性

• 批准号: 7626689
• 负责人: PETER M. NARINS
• 金额: $ 43.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7626689
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Amphibia; Animals; Auditory; Auditory system; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Birds; Calcium; Calmodulin; Cell physiology; Communication; Complex; Coupled; Data; Ear; Ear ossicles; Engineering; Ensure; Exhibits; Feedback; Food; Frequencies; Goals; Habitats; Hair Cells; Human; Hyperacusis; Investigation; Kinetics; Knowledge; Laboratories; Labyrinth; Lasers; Lead; Light; Mammals; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Mediating; Modeling; Mole the mammal; Motion; Nervous system structure; Neurobiology; Noise; Noise Induced Tinnitus; Peripheral; Pharmacology; Physiological; Probability; Process; Property; Rana; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Role; Scanning; Sensory Hair; Series; Signal Transduction; Specialist; Stimulus; Study Subject; Synapses; Syndrome; System; Talents; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tympanic membrane; Ultrasonics; Ultrasonography; Vertebrates; Work; base; bone; cell motility; cell preparation; computerized data processing; experience; extracellular; insight; interest; man; member; middle ear; multidisciplinary; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; otoacoustic emission; patch clamp; programs; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; skills; sound; success; toad; transmission process; vibration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of our laboratory is a richer understanding of the structural and physiological bases of the frequency selectivity or tuning in the vertebrate auditory system. Driven by a knowledge of the animal's acoustic behavior in its natural habitat, our primary objectives for the proposed research are threefold: (1) to apply modern techniques to provide new insights into the physiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying the localization of airborne sound and substrate-borne vibration in the vertebrate ear, (2) to gain an understanding and appreciation of the mechanisms underlying the electrical and mechanical cellular processes that modulate and sculpt low-frequency selectivity in the auditory periphery, and (3) to explore the physiological bases underlying the newly-discovered remarkable ultrasonic sensitivity in the amphibian ear. To accomplish these objectives, a series of four detailed investigations will be performed in order to (a) directly measure the motion of the middle ear ossicles in a "low-frequency" animal, the golden mole, in order to characterize the directional responses of the middle ear ossicles to airborne and seismic stimuli- and thus extend our observations to a subterranean seismic specialist, (b) systematically compare both receptor pharmacology and ionic current kinetics in the same hair cell preparation to directly test the effects of exogenous agents on tuning properties of low-frequency hair cells, (c) examine the calcium-calmodulin- dependent contractile mechanism mediating slow motility in response to extracellular stimuli in vertebrate hair cells, and (d) characterize the tuning of the peripheral auditory system of a high-frequency specialist and to determine the mechanisms subserving this tuning. The data that result will be rich in implications regarding the processing of airborne sound and substrate vibration as well as the role of efferent-mediated feedback in frequency tuning. Thus, this work is expected to provide a framework for understanding both airborne and bone-conducted sound transmission and tuning in animals, including humans. Of major current interest is the putative role of the efferent system in the genesis of frequency selectivity and protection against noise overstimulation. Ultimately, our research may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treatment of hyperacusis and noise-induced tinnitus, two known syndromes in which efferent system malfunction has been implicated.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们实验室的总体目标是更丰富地了解脊椎动物听觉系统中频率选择性或调谐的结构和生理基础。在了解动物在其自然栖息地的声学行为的推动下，我们拟议研究的主要目标有三个：（1）应用现代技术，为脊椎动物耳朵中空气传播的声音和基质传播的振动定位的生理和生物物理机制提供新的见解，（2）获得对电气和机械细胞过程背后的机制的理解和欣赏 调节和塑造听觉外围的低频选择性，以及（3）探索两栖动物耳朵中新发现的卓越超声波敏感性的生理基础。为了实现这些目标，将进行一系列四项详细的研究，以便（a）直接测量“低频”动物（金鼹鼠）中耳听小骨的运动，以表征中耳听小骨对空气和地震刺激的定向反应，从而将我们的观察扩展到地下地震专家，（b）系统地比较受体药理学和 在相同的毛细胞制剂中进行离子电流动力学，以直接测试外源性试剂对低频毛细胞调谐特性的影响，（c）检查钙-钙调蛋白依赖性收缩机制，介导脊椎动物毛细胞响应细胞外刺激的缓慢运动，以及（d）表征高频专家的外周听觉系统的调谐并确定机制 支持这种调整。由此产生的数据将对空气传播声音和基底振动的处理以及传出介导的反馈在频率调谐中的作用产生丰富的影响。因此，这项工作有望为理解动物（包括人类）的空气传播和骨导声音传输和调谐提供一个框架。当前主要关注的是传出系统在频率选择性和防止噪声过度刺激的发生中的假定作用。最终，我们的研究可能会带来治疗听觉过敏和噪音引起的耳鸣的新治疗方法，这两种已知的综合征与传出系统故障有关。