microRNA and Down Syndrome

microRNA 和唐氏综合症

• 批准号: 7740409
• 负责人: TERRY S ELTON
• 金额: $ 20.15万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7740409
• 关键词: 21q; 3' Untranslated Regions; Activities of Daily Living; Address; Adult; Age; Attenuated; Base Pairing; Binding Sites; Bioinformatics; Blood; Brain; Brain region; CREB1 gene; Cell Line; Child; Chromosome abnormality; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; Code; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Complex; Congenital Abnormality; Congenital Heart Defects; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Data; Defect; Disadvantaged; Down Syndrome; Down-Regulation; Dysplasia; Family; Family health status; Figs - dietary; Future; Gene Expression; Gene Targeting; Genes; Genetic; Healthcare Systems; Heart; Hereditary Disease; Human; Human Chromosomes; Impaired cognition; In Situ Hybridization; Incidence; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Knowledge; Lead; Live Birth; Messenger RNA; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2; MicroRNAs; Molecular; Molecular Profiling; Mus; Mutation; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurologic; Neuronal Plasticity; Neuropathogenesis; Pathogenesis; Patients; Penetrance; Perinatal; Phenotype; Play; Population; Proteins; Quality of life; RNA Degradation; Regulation; Regulator Genes; Relative (related person); Repression; Research; Rett Syndrome; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Role; Secondary to; Site; Specimen; Syndrome; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Transcript; Translations; United States; Untranslated Regions; Ventricular; base; care burden; clinically relevant; combinatorial; fetal; gastrointestinal; genetic regulatory protein; human tissue; in vivo; innovation; knock-down; mouse model; neurodevelopment; neuron development; novel; novel therapeutics; protein expression; public health relevance; research study; sex; transcription factor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The chromosome abnormality in Down syndrome (DS) results from a triplication in a portion of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), but how this chromosomal anomaly causes the DS phenotype is not clear. The current proposal will directly address this issue, with an emphasis on a novel class of endogenous gene regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are generally regarded as negative regulators of gene expression that inhibit translation and/or promote messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation by base-pairing to complementary sequences within protein-coding mRNA transcripts. Our recent bioinformatic analyses established that Hsa21 harbors five miRNA genes. Importantly, miRNA expression profiling, miRNA RT-PCR, and miRNA in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that all five Hsa21-derived miRNAs are over-expressed in brain and heart specimens from individuals with DS. We now hypothesize that the over-expression of the five Hsa21-derived miRNAs results in the under-expression of a number of important protein targets which contribute, in part, to the DS phenotype. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that several thousand proteins may be regulated by these miRNAs. Because combinatorial targeting of multiple miRNAs with a single mRNA may lead to a more pronounced down-regulation relative to mRNAs targeted by a few miRNAs, all of the Hsa21-derived miRNA/mRNA pairs were re-analyzed for the presence of multiple Hsa21-derived miRNA binding sites. This list of candidate targets was subsequently prioritized with respect to the potential clinical relevance of an individual target gene in playing a role in DS. Based on these criteria, we chose to investigate the methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2), a transcription factor, as a potentially important Hsa21- derived miRNA target since its 34-untranslated region harbors at least one putative recognition site for all of the Has21-derived miRNAs. Additionally, MeCP2 is a provocative miRNA target since mutations in this gene contribute to Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder that shares some of the neurologic abnormalities observed in DS. Our preliminary data now demonstrate that MeCP2 mRNA is a direct target of Hsa21-derived miR-155 and that MeCP2 is under-expressed in human fetal and adult DS brain specimens and in a mouse model of DS. As a consequence of attenuated MeCP2 expression, transcriptionally-activated and -silenced MeCP2 target genes are aberrantly regulated in these DS brain specimens. To begin to substantiate a causal role of Hsa21-derived miRNAs in DS, in vivo silencing of endogenous mature miR-155 expression by intra- ventricular injection of antagomir-155 resulted in the normalization of miR-155 and MeCP2 expression levels in the DS mouse brains. Taken together, these preliminary data suggest that improper repression of MeCP2, secondary to trisomic over-expression of miR-155, result in the aberrant regulation of MeCP2 target genes. This dysregulation subsequently results in the destabilization of important "regulatory circuits" that contribute, in part, to the cognitive defects that occur in DS individuals. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project represents a novel line of inquiry regarding the molecular mechanisms of DS. This study will provide "proof of concept" that Hsa21-derived miRNAs inhibit the expression of critical regulatory proteins, which in turn, results in aberrant expression of a number of factors critical for neurodevelopment. Our approach includes a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach and includes human tissues, cell lines, and a DS mouse model. Our project will define miRNA/mRNA targets responsible for DS and will potentially lead to novel therapeutic strategies to treat DS individuals in the perinatal period to change the course of pathogenesis.

描述（由申请人提供）：唐氏综合征（DS）的染色体异常是由人类21号染色体（Hsa 21）的一部分中的三倍体引起的，但这种染色体异常如何导致DS表型尚不清楚。目前的建议将直接解决这个问题，重点是一类新的内源性基因调节因子，microRNAs（miRNAs）。miRNA通常被认为是基因表达的负调节因子，其通过与蛋白质编码mRNA转录物内的互补序列进行碱基配对来抑制翻译和/或促进信使RNA（mRNA）降解。我们最近的生物信息学分析确定Hsa 21含有5个miRNA基因。重要的是，miRNA表达谱，miRNA RT-PCR和miRNA原位杂交实验表明，所有五种Hsa 21衍生的miRNA在DS患者的大脑和心脏标本中过表达。我们现在假设，5个Hsa 21衍生的miRNA的过表达导致了一些重要的蛋白质靶点的表达不足，这些蛋白质靶点在一定程度上导致了DS表型。生物信息学分析表明，数千种蛋白质可能受到这些miRNA的调控。由于多个miRNA与单个mRNA的组合靶向可能导致相对于由少数miRNA靶向的mRNA更显著的下调，因此重新分析所有Hsa 21衍生的miRNA/mRNA对中多个Hsa 21衍生的miRNA结合位点的存在。随后，根据单个靶基因在DS中发挥作用的潜在临床相关性，对候选靶点列表进行了优先排序。基于这些标准，我们选择研究甲基-CpG结合蛋白（MeCP 2），一种转录因子，作为一个潜在的重要的Hsa 21衍生的miRNA靶点，因为它的34-非翻译区含有至少一个推定的识别位点，所有的Has 21衍生的miRNA。此外，MeCP 2是一个挑衅性的miRNA靶点，因为该基因的突变导致Rett综合征，这是一种神经发育障碍，与DS中观察到的一些神经异常相同。我们的初步数据表明，MeCP 2 mRNA是Hsa 21衍生的miR-155的直接靶点，并且MeCP 2在人胎儿和成人DS脑标本以及DS小鼠模型中表达不足。作为减弱MeCP 2表达的结果，转录激活和沉默的MeCP 2靶基因在这些DS脑标本中受到异常调节。为了开始证实Hsa 21衍生的miRNA在DS中的因果作用，通过脑室内注射Hsaomir-155体内沉默内源性成熟miR-155表达导致DS小鼠脑中miR-155和MeCP 2表达水平正常化。综上所述，这些初步数据表明，继发于miR-155的三体过表达的MeCP 2的不适当抑制导致MeCP 2靶基因的异常调节。这种失调随后导致重要的“调节回路”的不稳定，这部分地导致DS个体中发生的认知缺陷。公共卫生相关性：该项目代表了对DS分子机制的新的调查路线。这项研究将提供“概念证明”，即Hsa 21衍生的miRNA抑制关键调控蛋白的表达，这反过来又导致神经发育关键因子的异常表达。我们的方法包括全面和多学科的方法，包括人体组织，细胞系和DS小鼠模型。我们的项目将定义负责DS的miRNA/mRNA靶点，并可能导致新的治疗策略，以治疗围产期DS个体，改变发病机制。