Sleep disturbance and inflammation as determinants of social cognition and behavior: An intensive longitudinal study of adults with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (NIH Supplemental)

摘要 患有精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）的人在社会认知方面存在缺陷， to real-world真实world功能outcomes结果.因此，社会认知是SSD的重要治疗目标。然而，目前 研究没有充分关注社会认知的决定因素，干预措施也不可靠。 改善功能成果或产生持久收益。与本补充剂相关的母研究 一项申请（1 R15 MH 129814 -01）旨在通过检查睡眠障碍和炎症来解决这一差距 作为社会认知的新决定因素。这一补充申请将科学地 在两个键中扩展父奖。首先，除了炎症标志物包括C反应蛋白（CRP） 和白细胞介素-6（IL-6），该补充将资助肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的分析。TNF-α是一种 促炎细胞因子在SSD患者中升高，无论是在急性疾病期间还是治疗后， 并与抑郁症状、认知缺陷、功能和质量等重要结果相关 生命特别是鉴于TNF-α和阴性症状之间的联系， 精神分裂症患者的社会认知能力。其次，这一补充将扩大多- 父母研究的模式方法，包括定性调查。一些睡眠的定性研究 在患有严重精神疾病的人的样本中进行，包括精神分裂症。然而，没有研究 date特别关注参与者对睡眠对社交及其他影响的看法 因此，需要在这一领域开展工作，以补充我们从定量研究中获得的知识 并加深我们对参与者对睡眠紊乱的有害影响的看法的理解。 这对于今后制定旨在改善社会成果的干预措施尤为重要。 总之，这些目标扩展了我们检查炎症的能力，并将参与者的观点纳入到 我们对睡眠和社会结果之间的关系的理解与SSD的人。因此， 母研究的结果将增加，并更好地结合背景，同时保持在原来的范围内 奖除了科学扩展外，这一补充将大大扩大 家长奖，并增加对来自学校不同和/或代表性不足的背景的学生的影响 南密西西比大学的心理学教授。这将通过增加培训机会来实现 定性研究的机会和获得适当工具的机会（例如，NVivo软件）并提供财务 支持和密切的，个性化的指导，为五个额外的资助学生从不同的和/或 代表性不足的背景。这些目标与特别关注通知的目标一致， 关于卓越的多样性，公平，包容和可访问性（DEIA）指导（NOT-OD-23-002），以及 家长奖，这是由研究增强奖计划（REAP）资助。

ABSTRACT People with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) experience deficits in social cognition, which contribute to real-world functional outcomes. As such, social cognition is an important treatment target in SSDs. Yet, current research has not adequately focused on determinants of social cognition, and intervention efforts do not reliably improve functional outcomes or produce durable gains. The parent study associated with this supplement application (1 R15 MH129814-01) aims to address this gap by examining sleep disturbance and inflammation as novel determinants of social cognition in people with SSDs. This supplement application will scientifically extend the parent award in two keys. First, in addition to inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), this supplement will fund analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that is heightened in people with SSDs, both during acute illness and after treatment, and linked to important outcomes such as depressive symptoms, cognitive deficits, and functioning and quality of life. Especially in light of the link between TNF-α and negative symptoms, it is an important area of investigation with regard to social cognition for those with schizophrenia. Second, this supplement would expand the multi- modal approach of the parent study to include qualitative inquiry. Several qualitative investigations of sleep have been undertaken in samples of people with serious mental illnesses, including schizophrenia. Yet, no study to date has specifically focused on participants’ perceptions of the impact of their sleep on social and other functional outcomes; thus, work is needed in this realm to complement our knowledge from quantitative studies and build depth in our understanding of participants’ perceptions of the detrimental impacts of disturbed sleep. This will be particularly important for future intervention development targeted to improve social outcomes. Together, these aims extend our ability to examine inflammation and incorporate participant perspectives into our understanding of the relationship between sleep and social outcomes for people with SSDs. Thus, impact of the parent study’s results will be increased and better contextualized, while staying within the scope of the original award. In addition to scientific extensions, this supplement will significantly expand the training footprint of the parent award and increase impact for students from diverse and/or underrepresented backgrounds in the School of Psychology at the University of Southern Mississippi. This will be achieved by increasing availability of training opportunities in qualitative research and access to appropriate tools (e.g., NVivo software) and providing financial support and close, individualized mentoring for five additional funded students from diverse and/or underrepresented backgrounds. These aims are consistent both with the goals of the notice of special interest regarding excellence in diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) mentorship (NOT-OD-23-002) and the parent award, which is funded by the Research Enhancement Award Program (REAP).