A new immune checkpoint pathway in human bladder cancer

一种新的膀胱癌免疫检查点通路 这一建议是对PAR-19-183（膀胱癌生物学）的回应。 膀胱癌是美国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。 膀胱癌的生存率在过去的30年里基本上没有变化。 年最近，FDA批准PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂用于 治疗转移性膀胱癌患者，但仅在一个子集中有效 约15-25%的患者。因此，迫切需要开发新的和 膀胱癌的治疗方法开发新的检查点抑制剂， 特别是靶向PD 1/PD-L1和CTLA-4通路以外的抑制剂， 这是一种很有前途的策略，可能对临床产生很大影响。 膀胱癌的治疗我们对这一提议的中心假设是 KIR 3DL 3-HHLA 2是一种以前未被认识到的免疫抑制途径， 以及人膀胱癌的新治疗靶点。引导我们的 发表的临床和基础研究以及我们强大的初步数据，我们将 具体目标如下：1）研究细胞和分子 HHLA 2在人膀胱癌和APC中的表达机制; 2） 剖析KIR 3DL 3-HHLA 2通路的共抑制功能和信号传导;以及 3)开发针对人膀胱癌的新免疫疗法， KIR 3DL 3-HHLA 2通路。该提案包括一个综合网络， 多学科合作研究人员（免疫学家、泌尿科医生， 肿瘤学家和生物信息学家）加速转化研究， 最大化未来的临床效益。该项目的成果将揭示新的 人类膀胱癌的基础生物学，并将指导合理的 用于治疗人膀胱的新免疫疗法的开发 癌

A new immune checkpoint pathway in human bladder cancer This proposal is in response to the PAR-19-183 (Biology of Bladder Cancer). Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the United States. The survival rate of bladder cancer has been largely unchanged for the last 30 years. Very recently PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were approved by FDA for the treatment of patients with metastatic bladder cancer, but worked in only a subset of ~15-25% of patients. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop new and effective treatment for bladder cancer. Developing novel checkpoint inhibitors, especially inhibitors that target outside the PD1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways, is a promising strategy and may potentially have high impact in clinical management of human bladder cancer. Our central hypothesis of this proposal is that KIR3DL3-HHLA2 is a previously unrecognized immunosuppressive pathway as well as a novel therapeutic target in human bladder cancer. Guided by our published clinical and basic research and our strong preliminary data, we will pursue following specific aims: 1) Investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of HHLA2 expression in human bladder cancer and APCs; 2) Dissect co-inhibitory function and signaling of the KIR3DL3-HHLA2 pathway; and 3) Develop new immunotherapies against human bladder cancer by targeting the KIR3DL3-HHLA2 pathway. This proposal comprises an integrated network of multi-disciplinary collaborative investigators (immunologists, urologists, oncologists, and bioinformaticians) to accelerate translational research and maximize future clinical benefits. The outcomes of this project will reveal new fundamental biology of human bladder cancer and will guide the rational development of new immunotherapies for the treatment of human bladder cancer.