Undergraduate Summer Research in Chemical Biology

化学生物学本科暑期研究

• 批准号: 10810210
• 负责人: Ka Ho Leung
• 金额: $ 1.01万
• 依托单位: CLARKSON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10810210
• 关键词: Administrative Supplement; Anions; Autophagocytosis; Award; Biology; Calcium; Cell membrane; Cells; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Clinical Trials; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Development; FDA approved; Fingerprint; Fluorescence; Health; Homeostasis; Human; Human body; Image; Ions; Kidney Calculi; Measurement; Methods; Minor; Mitochondria; Mutation; Organelles; Osteoporosis; Parents; Pathway interactions; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Play; Potassium; Proteins; Proteinuria; Reporter; Reporting; Research; Respiration; Risk; Role; Sodium; Techniques; Three-dimensional analysis; Variant; Work; experience; human disease; interest; quantitative imaging; response; summer research; targeted therapy trials; targeted treatment; tool; undergraduate student; uptake

SUMMARY/ABSTRACT As one of the most abundant anions in the human body, chloride plays a crucial role in human health. Chloride homeostasis is maintained inside the cell while the chloride level is varied based on the function of organelles. Dysregulation of chloride homeostasis caused by the mutation of chloride channels results in various human diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CFTR, >70,000 people worldwide), proteinuria and kidney stones (ClC-5, 39 million people in US), Osteoporosis (ClC-7, 10 million people in US, 43 million people in the risk group). Although five FDA-approved chloride channel modulators have been reported, they only target plasma membrane chloride channels due to the technical barrier. There is no FDA-approved or clinical trial drug that targets organellar chloride channel. The field of chloride channel-targeted therapy is still under-studied (5 FDA-approved drugs, 2 clinical trial) compared to other channels such as calcium, potassium, and sodium. The lack of understanding of the physiological role of organellar chloride and the well-characterized chloride channel are the biggest roadblocks for the development of chloride channel-targeted therapy. Therefore, suitable research tools with a high resolving ability to examine the organelle chloride in live cells is a highly urgent need, which is essential to elucidate the physiological role of organellar chloride and characterize the chloride channel. However, the current chloride measurement with one-dimensional analysis only shows the average ion level. It cannot observe the chloride level change in a minor subset of organelles triggered by the cellular pathway such as STING and autophagy. Furthermore, the typical fluorescence measurement can only tell the variation of the average chloride level (increase, decrease, and no significant change) in certain conditions. The current methods significantly hinder the identification of deactivated cell pathways or protein based on the chloride level measurement. The proposed research integrate organelle selective dual reporters, single organelle measurement, sub- cellular imaging, and the three-dimensional analysis, to fingerprint the chemotype of organelles along with STING pathway, autophagy, and mitochondrial respiration. Completion of the proposed study will find out the physiological role of organellar chloride which shed light on the chloride channel-targeted therapy. The development of the organelle chemotype fingerprinting technique will also provide tools to characterize chloride channels, evaluate chloride channel modulators and identify the deactivated cell pathways or proteins.

摘要/摘要 氯作为人体内最丰富的阴离子之一，对人体健康起着至关重要的作用。氯化物 细胞内维持稳态，而氯水平根据细胞器的功能而变化。 氯离子通道突变引起的氯离子稳态失调导致多种人类疾病 囊性纤维化（CFTR，全球超过 70,000 人）、蛋白尿和肾结石（ClC-5、39）等疾病 美国 1000 万人）、骨质疏松症（ClC-7，美国 1000 万人，4300 万人属于危险人群）。虽然 已报道了五种 FDA 批准的氯离子通道调节剂，它们仅针对质膜氯离子 渠道由于技术障碍。目前尚无 FDA 批准或临床试验的针对细胞器的药物 氯离子通道。氯离子通道靶向治疗领域仍处于研究之中（5 个 FDA 批准的药物，2 个 临床试验）与其他通道（如钙、钾和钠）进行比较。 对细胞器氯化物的生理作用和充分表征缺乏了解 氯离子通道是氯离子通道靶向治疗发展的最大障碍。 因此，需要具有高分辨率的合适研究工具来检查活体中的氯化细胞器 细胞是一个高度紧迫的需求，这对于阐明细胞器氯化物的生理作用至关重要 并表征氯离子通道。然而，目前的氯化物测量采用一维 分析仅显示平均离子水平。它无法观察一小部分的氯化物水平变化 由 STING 和自噬等细胞途径触发的细胞器。此外，典型的 荧光测量只能表明平均氯化物水平的变化（增加、减少和无） 显着变化）在某些条件下。目前的方法严重阻碍了失活的识别 基于氯离子水平测量的细胞途径或蛋白质。 拟议的研究整合了细胞器选择性双报告基因、单细胞器测量、亚细胞器 细胞成像和三维分析，与 STING 一起对细胞器的化学型进行指纹识别 途径、自噬和线粒体呼吸。完成拟议的研究将发现 细胞器氯的生理作用为氯离子通道靶向治疗提供了线索。这 细胞器化学型指纹技术的发展也将提供表征氯化物的工具 通道，评估氯离子通道调节剂并识别失活的细胞途径或蛋白质。