Gender Differences in Bladder Cancer Risk Factors

膀胱癌危险因素的性别差异

• 批准号: 7221261
• 负责人: Christopher A Loffredo
• 金额: $ 42.2万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-11 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7221261
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Area; Cancer Control; Candidate Disease Gene; Carcinoma; Case-Control Studies; Characteristics; Chemicals; Developed Countries; Egypt; Employee Strikes; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Studies; Etiology; Exposure to; Female; Gender; Genes; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hormonal; Hospitals; Incidence; Infection; Infectious Agent; Infective cystitis; Inflammation; Inflammatory Response; Knowledge; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Measures; Mediating; Metabolism; Numbers; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Oxidative Stress; Parasites; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Platelet Factor 4; Population; Prevalence; Preventive; Public Health; Reactive Oxygen Species; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Sample Size; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis; Services; Sex Characteristics; Squamous cell carcinoma; Susceptibility Gene; Testing; Time; Tobacco smoke; Transitional Cell; Transitional Cell Carcinoma; Urinary tract infection; Variant; Woman; Work; base; biological adaptation to stress; bladder cancer prevention; bladder transitional cell carcinoma; cancer diagnosis; cancer epidemiology; cancer risk; cancer type; carcinogenesis; cell type; cigarette smoking; gene environment interaction; genetic association; insight; male; men; oncology; programs; regional difference; response

Cancer of the urinary bladder affects 4 to 5 times more men than women worldwide. Cigarette smoking, occupational exposures and infection with Schistosoma haematobium are well-established risk factors for this malignancy. Furthermore, several genetic polymorphisms have been associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Important gaps in knowledge remain about synergistic effects between environmental factors, gene-environment interactions, and gender differences in bladder cancer risk factors. Egypt represents a unique setting for such research, as bladder cancer continues to be the most common malignancy in men in Egypt despite recent reductions in schistosomiasis, and the ratio of men to women remains consistently high; few women in Egypt smoke cigarettes (< 5%) compared to 50-70% of men; and in addition to the transitional cell type carcinoma that is predominantly observed world wide, squamous type carcinoma is very common in Egypt. We therefore propose to conduct a case-control study of bladder cancer in Egypt, with a sample size of 3,312 cases and 4 population-based controls per case. The Specific Aims of the study are as follows: 1) to evaluate environmental risk factors for bladder cancer, in men and women combined, including infections, and interactions among these factors; 2) to determine if associations between risk factors and bladder cancer are affected by gender; 3) to evaluate associations between bladder cancer risk (in men and women combined) and functional polymorphism in genes that mediate the oxidative stress response; 4) to evaluate interactions between environmental exposures and the candidate susceptibility genes, and to determine if gene-environment interactions exert differential effects on bladder cancer risk in men and women. Within these aims we will account for risk differences by histological type of bladder cancer (transitional vs. squamous). The results of this study will help establish the best preventive measures for bladder cancer in men and women, by appropriately directing the resources of the public health sector for effective cancer control.

在世界范围内，男性患膀胱癌的人数是女性的4到5倍。吸烟、职业接触和感染血血吸虫是这种恶性肿瘤的公认危险因素。此外，一些遗传多态性与膀胱癌风险增加有关。在膀胱癌危险因素的环境因素、基因-环境相互作用和性别差异之间的协同效应方面，仍存在重要的知识空白。埃及为这类研究提供了独特的环境，因为膀胱癌仍然是埃及男性最常见的恶性肿瘤，尽管最近血吸虫病有所减少，而且男女比例一直很高；在埃及，很少有妇女吸烟（< 5%），而男性吸烟的比例为50-70%；除了在世界范围内主要观察到的移行细胞型癌外，鳞状癌在埃及也很常见。因此，我们建议在埃及开展膀胱癌病例对照研究，样本量为3312例，每个病例4个基于人群的对照。本研究的具体目的如下：1)评估男性和女性膀胱癌的环境危险因素，包括感染以及这些因素之间的相互作用；2)确定危险因素与膀胱癌的相关性是否受性别影响；3)评估膀胱癌风险（男性和女性合并）与介导氧化应激反应的基因功能多态性之间的关系；4)评估环境暴露与候选易感基因之间的相互作用，并确定基因-环境相互作用对男性和女性膀胱癌风险的影响是否存在差异。在这些目标中，我们将根据组织学类型（移行性和鳞状）来解释膀胱癌的风险差异。这项研究的结果将有助于制定针对男性和女性膀胱癌的最佳预防措施，适当地将公共卫生部门的资源用于有效的癌症控制。