Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in PNG

巴布亚新几内亚生物多样性的保护和可持续利用

• 批准号: 7742278
• 负责人: Louis R Barrows
• 金额: $ 88.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-25 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7742278
• 关键词: Conservation; Sustainable; Use; Biodiversity; PNG

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of this ICBG is to improve human health and well being through an integrated set of programs dedicated to the description, assessment, rational utilization, and conservation of biodiversity in Papua New Guinea (PNG). PNG is home to approximately 5% of the world's biodiversity. An understanding of the range of biological resources existing in PNG is essential for their management, for the preservation of species critical to indigenous cultures, and for the development of strategies for sustainable use. Our central hypothesis is that effective new therapeutics can be derived from the natural products of PNG's biological wealth. Such therapeutics can provide needed revenue to local stake-holders and responsible PNG institutions, and an incentive for the preservation of biological diversity. The university-based drug discovery component will focus on human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the industry based drug discovery component will focus on parasitic diseases, animal health and other therapeutic targets. The source organisms for drug discovery will be marine and terrestrial microbes and marine invertebrate animals. Documentation and preservation of traditional knowledge concerning medicinal plant use in PNG will be a second emphasis of this work. Medicinal plant surveys will be complemented by projects in support of the Traditional Medicines Taskforce, and student theses, to provide pharmacologic validation and chemical standardization of medicinal plants, and the identification of novel bioactive molecules. This research will provide professional development, educational opportunities and technology transfer for collaborating scientists and students. Conservation and biodiversity studies will center in the CTFS/SIGEO forest dynamics plot that has been established in Wanang, PNG, as part of the previous grant cycle's achievements. This plot is a unique and powerful research tool for studying forest dynamics, carbon sequestration and climate effects. Plot activities will integrate the botanical survey with the ecosystem study to include soil microbes and small plants. Outreach activities conducted as part of the Traditional Medicines and botanical survey work will foster the conservation and sustainable use of resources and provide benefits to stake-holders. Legislative initiatives developed with government input promote scientific exchange, conservation and sustainable resource use.

描述（由申请人提供）：本ICBG的总体目标是通过一套致力于描述、评估、合理利用和保护巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）生物多样性的综合计划，改善人类健康和福祉。巴布亚新几内亚拥有世界上约5%的生物多样性。了解巴布亚新几内亚现有的生物资源的范围对于管理这些资源、保护对土著文化至关重要的物种以及制定可持续利用战略至关重要。我们的中心假设是，有效的新疗法可以从巴布亚新几内亚的生物财富的天然产物中获得。这种疗法可以为当地的土著居民和负责的巴布亚新几内亚机构提供所需的收入，并激励保护生物多样性。以大学为基础的药物发现部分将侧重于人类免疫缺陷病毒和结核分枝杆菌，而以工业为基础的药物发现部分将侧重于寄生虫病、动物健康和其他治疗目标。药物发现的来源生物将是海洋和陆地微生物以及海洋无脊椎动物。这项工作的第二个重点是记录和保存巴布亚新几内亚药用植物的传统知识。药用植物调查将通过支持传统药物工作组的项目和学生论文来补充，以提供药用植物的药理学验证和化学标准化，并鉴定新的生物活性分子。这项研究将为合作的科学家和学生提供专业发展，教育机会和技术转让。保护和生物多样性研究将集中在CTFS/SIGEO森林动态图中，该图已在巴布亚新几内亚的Wanang建立，作为上一个赠款周期成就的一部分。该地块是研究森林动态、碳固存和气候效应的独特而强大的研究工具。小区活动将把植物调查与生态系统研究结合起来，包括土壤微生物和小型植物。作为传统医药和植物调查工作的一部分，开展的外联活动将促进资源的保护和可持续利用，并为传统医药持有者提供福利。在政府投入下制定的立法倡议促进科学交流、保护和可持续的资源利用。