Adolescent ENDS Use, Nicotine Metabolism and Toxicant Exposure

青少年电子烟使用、尼古丁代谢和有毒物质暴露

• 批准号: 9332356
• 负责人: MARK L RUBINSTEIN
• 金额: $ 23.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9332356
• 关键词: 1-Butanol; 17 year old; Acrolein; Acrylamides; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Anabasine; Area; Behavior; Benzene; Biological; Breathing; Butadiene; Carcinogens; Child; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Clinical Treatment; Conflict (Psychology); Control Groups; Cotinine; Data; Dependence; Development; Dose; E-learning; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Enrollment; Ethylene Oxide; Exposure to; Formaldehyde; Frequencies; Glycerol; Hydrolysis; Individual; Internet; Intervention; Investigation; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Metabolism; Mind; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Parents; Pattern; Poison; Policy Maker; Policy Making; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Propylene Glycols; Questionnaires; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk; Risk Factors; Safety; Saliva; Salivary; Sampling; Schools; Smoke; Solvents; Teenagers; Time; Tobacco; Toxicant exposure; Urine; Weaning; Withdrawal; Youth; addiction; age group; aged; carcinogenicity; cigarette smoking; design; early experience; environmental tobacco smoke exposure; hydroxycotinine; in vivo; metabolic rate; non-smoker; non-smoking; oxidation; propylene oxide; prospective; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial diversity; social; social media; toxicant; uptake; vapor; web site

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use among adolescents is increasing exponentially, with significant use among non-traditional cigarette (TC) smokers. It is imperative that we learn how ENDS affect adolescents because these products contain the addictive ingredient nicotine, so continued use is likely to promote dependence. Given the rapid uptake of ENDS among teens, there is a critical need to understand the safety of these products in adolescents, including 1) how use contributes to toxicant exposure and 2) identification of possible biologic mediators of usage and dependence, such as the nicotine metabolic rate. Objective: We will investigate the presence of toxicants and examine the influence of the rate of nicotine metabolism on use behaviors and nicotine dependence in adolescent ENDS-only users. Specific Aims: Investigate the level of toxicants including propylene oxide, acrolein, ethylene oxide, benzene, acrylamide, formaldehyde, and 1,3, butadiene found in adolescent ENDS-only users (AIM 1). Examine the association between the rate of nicotine metabolism measured by the salivary 3'hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio and the frequency of ENDS use and reported dependence in adolescent ENDS-only users (AIM 2). Study Design: Using a cross-sectional design with 180 ENDS-only using adolescents (13-17 years of age) we will examine how ENDS use contributes to toxicant exposure. We will also assess whether an individual's rate of nicotine metabolism may be a biologic mediator of ENDS use and dependence. Urine samples will be analyzed for anabasine, NNAL and toxicant levels in ENDS-only users and a control group of 20 similarly aged adolescent non-smokers/non-ENDS users. ENDS behavior questionnaires and nicotine dependence scales will be administered. Saliva samples will be obtained for determination of the nicotine metabolic rate. ENDS-only usage will be verified by cotinine, and differentiated from TC exposure by the measurement of urine anabasine and NNAL. Significance: The use of ENDS has surpassed use of TC among adolescents. Because most adults addicted to TCs began during adolescence, it is essential that we understand the biological impact of ENDS use in adolescents, as we have done with TCs. The proposed study is an important step toward achieving this ultimate objective for several reasons. First, determining the in vivo toxicant load in adolescent ENDS users can provide vital prevention information for prospective users, policy makers and clinicians. Second, identifying biologic risk factors, such as the nicotine metabolic rate, that may promote heavier ENDS use and dependence is a step toward the development of successful prevention and ENDS cessation interventions in this age group. Results from this study will provide the necessary pilot data to pursue longitudinal investigations into patterns of adolescent ENDS use, toxicant exposure, and development of dependence.

 描述（由适用提供）：青少年中电子尼古丁传递系统（末端）使用的流行率正在成倍增加，并且在非传统的民用烟（TC）吸烟者中大量使用。我们必须了解目的如何影响青少年，因为这些产品包含添加剂成分尼古丁，因此继续使用可能会促进依赖性。鉴于青少年在青少年之间的迅速吸收，需要了解这些产品在青少年中的安全性，包括1）使用如何有助于毒物暴露和2）识别可能使用和依赖性的生物学介质，例如尼古丁代谢率。目的：我们将研究毒物的存在，并检查尼古丁代谢对使用行为和尼古丁依赖性的影响。具体目的：研究毒性水平，包括氧化丙烷，丙烯醛，氧化乙烷，苯，阿克酰胺，甲醛和1,3，在青少年最终用户中发现的丁二烯（AIM 1）。检查通过唾液3'HYDROXOTININE/COTININE比率测量的尼古丁代谢率与终端使用终端用户的终端使用频率和报告的依赖性之间的关联（AIM 2）。研究设计：使用使用青少年（13-17岁）的横截面设计，只有180个最终目的，我们将检查最终使用的使用如何有助于毒物的暴露。我们还将评估一个人的尼古丁代谢率是否可能是末端使用和依赖性的生物介体。尿液样本将分析仅终点用户的阿纳巴斯，NNAN和有毒水平，以及一个由20个年龄相似的青少年非吸烟者/非末端用户组成的对照组。末端行为问卷和尼古丁依赖量表将被管理。将获得唾液样品以确定尼古丁代谢率。仅终端用法将通过cotinine验证，并通过测量尿液阿纳巴斯和NNAL的测量与TC暴露。意义：在青少年中，目的的使用在使用TC的情况下幸存下来。因为大多数成年人在青少年期间开始添加到TC中，所以我们必须像对TC所做的那样了解青少年最终使用的生物学影响。拟议的研究是实现这一最终目标的重要一步，原因有几个原因。首先，确定青少年目的体内有毒物质负荷用户可以为潜在用户，政策制定者和临床医生提供重要的预防信息。其次，确定可能促进较重终端使用和依赖性的生物学危险因素（例如尼古丁代谢率）是迈向成功预防的一步，并结束了该年龄段的停止干预措施。这项研究的结果将提供必要的试点数据，以将纵向投资购买成青少年目的的模式，毒物的暴露和依赖的发展。