Functional reorganization of the reading system following stroke

项目摘要/摘要 许多左半球中风的幸存者在阅读方面受到了损害，至少在中风后不久是这样。 阅读障碍对一个人的幸福感有着深远的影响。阅读能力通常会随着时间的推移而提高 中风后，尽管某种程度的损害仍然很常见。在阅读过程中的改进 恢复被认为依赖于神经的可塑性，或受损的大脑重新组织以更好地支持 阅读功能受损。我们研究的长期目标是描述这种神经可塑性 我们可以开发新的干预措施，促进中风后阅读的恢复。这个 目前的目标是使用功能神经成像技术绘制这种神经可塑性图谱，并与一组患者进行比较 以中风后阅读障碍为对照，有以下三个目标。目标1：我们将调查 在阅读任务中有一致的激活模式的程度，以区分个体 对照组受试者中风后出现阅读障碍。目标2：我们将使用功能磁铁 磁共振成像(FMRI)解码方法，以确定患者和对照组是否存在哪些不同 大脑的某些部分正在做功能上的工作。神经可塑性被认为要么反映了功能接管， 由此，先前由受损区域执行的功能被转移到不同的大脑区域，或者反映出 补偿性伪装，即对正常情况下不用于执行任务的完整认知过程的提炼 任务。为了确定阅读网络中发生了哪种类型的神经可塑性，新的fMRI分析 需要超越大脑区域活动大小研究的技术来解码 存在于分布式激活模式中的信息。我们将开发这些技术，并将其应用于 我们的样本来确定慢性阅读问题患者表现出一致类型的 神经可塑性。目的3：神经元对语言任务的激活增加经常在意外情况下观察到 参与者大脑受损的区域。关于这些区域为患者提供什么功能，我们知之甚少。 在他们康复期间。使用在目标2中开发的方法，我们将研究这些功能 在我们的样本中有额外的激活区域。拟议的研究将在以下方面取得进展 中风后阅读系统中神经可塑性的性质，包括一种创新的方法 研究患者神经元激活模式的改变意味着认知功能的改变 功能。这项研究将提供关键的初步数据，以支持R01赠款申请，该申请将进一步 阐明不同病变部位或部位的受试者神经可塑性模式的差异 行为损害，纵向映射这些变化在急性到慢性阶段 中风和描绘对特定治疗反应的神经可塑性。拟议的项目建立在 Pi在阅读认知理论研究、后天习得个人调查等方面有着坚实的记录 书面语言障碍，以及使用创新的、理论上站稳脚跟的fMRI数据分析工具。

Project Summary/Abstract Many survivors of a left-hemisphere stroke are impaired at reading, at least immediately following the stroke. Reading impairments have a profound impact on one's well being. Reading typically improves over years following the stroke, though some degree of impairment remains common. Improvements in reading during recovery are thought to depend on neural plasticity, or the damaged brain reorganizing to better support the impaired reading functions. The long-term objective of our research is to characterize this neural plasticity so that we can develop new interventions that will enhance the recovery of reading following stroke. The immediate goal is to map this neural plasticity using functional neuroimaging, comparing a group of patients with reading impairments following stroke to controls, with the following three aims. Aim 1: We will investigate the extent to which there are consistent patterns of activation during reading tasks that distinguish individuals with reading impairments following stroke from control participants. Aim 2: We will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoding methods to determine whether patients and controls differ in what different parts of the brain are doing functionally. Neural plasticity has been argued to either reflect functional take-over, whereby the function previously performed by a damaged area is shifted to a different brain region, or reflect a compensatory masquerade, i.e., the refinement of an intact cognitive process not normally used to perform a task. To determine which type of neural plasticity is occurring in the reading network, new fMRI analysis techniques are needed that go beyond activity magnitude investigations of brain regions to decode the information present in the distributed patterns of activation. We will develop such techniques and apply them to our sample to determine the extent to which individuals with chronic reading problems show consistent types of neural plasticity. Aim 3: Increases in neuronal activation to language tasks are often observed in unexpected regions with brain damaged participants. Little is known about what function these regions serve for patients during their recovery. Using the methods developed in Aim 2, we will investigate the function of these additional activated regions in our sample. The proposed research will make progress towards characterizing the nature of neural plasticity in the reading system following stroke, including an innovative approach for investigating what shifts in the neuronal activation profile of patients means in terms of changes in cognitive function. This research will provide key preliminary data to support a R01 grant application that will further elucidate how patterns of neural plasticity might differ among participants depending on lesion location or behavioral impairment, mapping these changes longitudinally across the acute through chronic phases of stroke and delineating neural plasticity in response to specific treatments. The proposed project builds on the PI's solid track record of research in cognitive theories of reading, investigations of individuals with acquired written language impairments, and use of innovative, theoretically grounded analysis tools for fMRI data.