Functional reorganization of the reading system following stroke

项目总结/摘要 许多左半球中风的幸存者阅读能力受损，至少在中风后立即受损。 阅读障碍对一个人的健康有着深远的影响。阅读通常会随着时间的推移而提高 中风后，尽管某种程度的损害仍然很常见。阅读的改善 恢复被认为取决于神经可塑性，或受损的大脑重组，以更好地支持 阅读功能受损。我们研究的长期目标是描述这种神经可塑性， 我们可以开发新的干预措施来促进中风后阅读的恢复。的 目前的目标是利用功能性神经成像技术来绘制这种神经可塑性， 有阅读障碍的中风患者与对照组相比，有以下三个目的。目标1：我们将进行调查 在区分个体的阅读任务中， 中风后阅读障碍的对照组。目标2：我们将使用功能性磁性材料 共振成像（fMRI）解码方法，以确定患者和对照组是否在哪些方面存在差异 大脑的某些部分在运作神经可塑性被认为反映了功能接管， 由此，先前由受损区域执行的功能被转移到不同的大脑区域，或者反映出受损区域的功能。 补偿性伪装，即，一个完整的认知过程的完善，通常不用于执行一个 任务为了确定哪种类型的神经可塑性发生在阅读网络中，新的功能磁共振成像分析 需要超越大脑区域活动幅度调查的技术来解码大脑活动。 信息存在于激活的分布模式中。我们将开发这些技术，并将其应用于 我们的样本，以确定在何种程度上与慢性阅读问题的个人表现出一致的类型， 神经可塑性目的3：语言任务的神经元激活增加通常在意想不到的情况下观察到。 大脑受损的参与者。关于这些区域为患者服务的功能知之甚少 在他们的恢复过程中。使用目标2中开发的方法，我们将研究这些功能 在我们的样本中有额外的激活区域。拟议的研究将在表征 脑卒中后阅读系统神经可塑性的本质，包括一种创新的方法， 研究患者神经元激活谱的变化在认知功能变化方面意味着什么， 功能这项研究将提供关键的初步数据，以支持R 01赠款申请， 阐明神经可塑性的模式如何在受试者中根据病变位置而不同， 行为障碍，将这些变化纵向映射到急性期到慢性期， 中风和描绘神经可塑性响应特定的治疗。拟议项目的基础是 PI在阅读的认知理论研究、对获得性阅读的个人的调查 书面语言障碍，并使用创新的，理论上接地分析工具的功能磁共振成像数据。

Project Summary/Abstract Many survivors of a left-hemisphere stroke are impaired at reading, at least immediately following the stroke. Reading impairments have a profound impact on one's well being. Reading typically improves over years following the stroke, though some degree of impairment remains common. Improvements in reading during recovery are thought to depend on neural plasticity, or the damaged brain reorganizing to better support the impaired reading functions. The long-term objective of our research is to characterize this neural plasticity so that we can develop new interventions that will enhance the recovery of reading following stroke. The immediate goal is to map this neural plasticity using functional neuroimaging, comparing a group of patients with reading impairments following stroke to controls, with the following three aims. Aim 1: We will investigate the extent to which there are consistent patterns of activation during reading tasks that distinguish individuals with reading impairments following stroke from control participants. Aim 2: We will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoding methods to determine whether patients and controls differ in what different parts of the brain are doing functionally. Neural plasticity has been argued to either reflect functional take-over, whereby the function previously performed by a damaged area is shifted to a different brain region, or reflect a compensatory masquerade, i.e., the refinement of an intact cognitive process not normally used to perform a task. To determine which type of neural plasticity is occurring in the reading network, new fMRI analysis techniques are needed that go beyond activity magnitude investigations of brain regions to decode the information present in the distributed patterns of activation. We will develop such techniques and apply them to our sample to determine the extent to which individuals with chronic reading problems show consistent types of neural plasticity. Aim 3: Increases in neuronal activation to language tasks are often observed in unexpected regions with brain damaged participants. Little is known about what function these regions serve for patients during their recovery. Using the methods developed in Aim 2, we will investigate the function of these additional activated regions in our sample. The proposed research will make progress towards characterizing the nature of neural plasticity in the reading system following stroke, including an innovative approach for investigating what shifts in the neuronal activation profile of patients means in terms of changes in cognitive function. This research will provide key preliminary data to support a R01 grant application that will further elucidate how patterns of neural plasticity might differ among participants depending on lesion location or behavioral impairment, mapping these changes longitudinally across the acute through chronic phases of stroke and delineating neural plasticity in response to specific treatments. The proposed project builds on the PI's solid track record of research in cognitive theories of reading, investigations of individuals with acquired written language impairments, and use of innovative, theoretically grounded analysis tools for fMRI data.