A comparative electrophysiological study on the mechanisms of selective attention

项目总结 视觉环境中挤满了信息。视觉刺激，经常有丰富的 细节，在每一个清醒的时刻淹没我们的视网膜。理想的视觉系统将忠实地代表 这些信息的大部分；然而，灵长类的视觉系统天生容量有限。 因此，视觉必须只为特权下游选择可用刺激的一个子集 正在处理。这种分析机制被称为选择性注意。 虽然关于选择性注意的知识很多，但“参加什么”的神经生理学基础 “忽略什么”还没有得到解决。有人提出，企业资源规划的N2PC部分涉及 与注意力选择有关，而PD成分与分心抑制有关。尽管这些 注意的企业资源规划组成部分已经确定，既没有一个明确的图景，也没有确切的 这些信号来自大脑，也没有彻底理解这些信号是如何产生的 在整个大脑皮层传播，以表现为观察到的行为现象。可视区域，如 作为V4区，是N2PC的假定神经生成器，但还没有系统的 证明这一点的研究。同样，注意选择也被归因于额叶的加工 皮质区域，如FEF。因此，顺理成章的是，FEF和V4等区域可能会相互作用 以引起人们的注意。 为此，本培训方案的主要研究目标是了解V4和 FEF通过使用比较电生理方法交互作用来影响注意 人类和非人类灵长类动物。具体地说，目的是1)阐明电生理学 利用头皮记录脑电研究人类和非人灵长类动物选择性注意的标志物，以及2) 使用单单元神经生理学技术来确定这些变化是如何在 FEF区和V4区单个神经元的水平。主要的培训目标是发展我的 在人类和非人类灵长类动物电生理学方面的专业知识，补充我在 行为心理学和认知心理学也是人类和动物认知模型的直接桥梁 为我的基础研究提供了更直接、更快速的临床应用。

PROJECT SUMMARY The visual environment is crowded with information. Visual stimuli, frequently abundant with detail, inundate our retinae each waking moment. The ideal visual system would faithfully represent the bulk of this information; however, the primate visual system is inherently capacity limited. Consequently, vision must select a mere subset of the available stimuli for privileged downstream processing. This parsing mechanism is known as selective attention. While much is known about selective attention, the neurophysiological basis of `what to attend' and `what to ignore' is unresolved. It has been proposed that the N2pc component of the ERP relates to attentional selection whereas the Pd component relates to distractor suppression. Although these ERP components of attention have been identified, there is neither a clear picture of where exactly in the brain those signals originate, nor is there a thorough understanding of how those signals propagate throughout cortex to manifest into the observed behavioral phenomena. Visual areas, such as area V4, are the putative neural generators of the N2pc, but there have been no systematic studies demonstrating this. Similarly, attentional selection has been attributed to processes in frontal cortical areas, such as FEF. Therefore, it stands to reason that FEF and areas like V4 might interact to produce attention. To this end, the primary research goal of this training proposal is to understand how V4 and FEF interact to influence attention by employing a comparative electrophysiological approach in human and non-human primates. Specifically, the aims are 1) to elucidate electrophysiological markers of selective attention in human and non-human primates using scalp-recorded EEG, and 2) to use single-unit neurophysiological techniques to determine how these changes are instantiated at the level of individual neurons in areas FEF and V4. The primary training goal is to develop my expertise in both human and non-human primate electrophysiology by complementing my expertise in behavioral and cognitive psychology to directly bridge human and animal models of cognition, as well as affording a more direct and rapid translation of my basic research to clinically relevant applications.