Aversive motivation and cognitive control

厌恶动机和认知控制

• 批准号: 9177689
• 负责人: Daniella JULIA Furman
• 金额: $ 5.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-11-01 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9177689
• 关键词: Architecture; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cognition; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Data; Desire for food; Disease; Dopamine; Drug Addiction; Environment; Epithalamic structure; Event; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Goals; Habenula; Human; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Link; Mediating; Methods; Motivation; Neuromodulator; Outcome; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Pattern; Pharmacology; Phase; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Punishment; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Structure; Therapeutic; Time; Update; Variant; Work; cognitive control; cognitive performance; cognitive process; dopamine system; dopaminergic neuron; environmental change; experimental study; flexibility; genetic variant; illicit drug use; insight; interest; neurobehavioral disorder; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; neuropsychiatric disorder; neurotransmission; psychopharmacologic; public health relevance; response; reward anticipation

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adapting behavior and cognition to meet changing environmental demands is critical for optimizing wellbeing. Previous research has identified an important role for the neuromodulator dopamine, particularly with respect to its effects on the striatum, in regulating cognitive flexibility, that is, the ability to flexibly update the contentsof working memory and relevant goals. Variability in the striatal dopamine system has been associated with alterations in cognitive flexibility, and indeed, a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including attentional deficit disorder, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction are characterized by abnormalities in both dopaminergic neurotransmission and cognitive control. Importantly, both appetitive and aversive motivation are thought to phasically increase and decrease, respectively, the release of dopamine into the striatum, thus raising the possibility that motivational context may differentially impact cognitive control processes. Recent work has demonstrated that reward motivation increases cognitive flexibility, but only in individuals with higher baseline levels of striatal dopamine. Research examining the impact of aversive motivation on cognitive control has been much more limited; in one study, threat of punishment was associated with reduced updating of working memory content, suggesting that aversive motivation may bias individuals away from cognitive flexibility and toward cognitive stability. However, to date, no work has explicitly examined the role of baseline dopamine system function in mediating the influence of aversive motivation on cognitive control processes or the frontostriatal circuitry that supports them. By exploiting genetic variants known to impact the striatal dopamine system, and using a targeted psychopharmacological intervention, the proposed fMRI experiment seeks to fill this gap by examining the effect of striatal dopamine variability on patterns of brain activation and cognitive flexibility in the face of aversive motivation. A second aim of the proposed research is to characterize the role of the habenula in moderating the impact of an aversive motivational context on cognitive control processes. The habenula is a small region of the epithalamus that has recently been implicated in inhibiting striatal DA release in response to potential punishment; if inhibition of striatal DA resulting fro aversive motivation impacts the frontostriatal circuitry supporting cognitive flexibility, the habenula may provide a critical linkage between motivation and cognitive control. Together, the proposed research will expand our knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms that may contribute to individual differences in the relation between motivation and cognition. Further, results of this work may inform our understanding of cognitive control abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant DA neurotransmission and of the impact of both therapeutic and illicit drug use on aspects of cognitive control.

 描述（由申请人提供）：调整行为和认知以满足不断变化的环境需求对于优化健康至关重要。以前的研究已经确定了神经调节剂多巴胺在调节认知灵活性方面的重要作用，特别是关于其对纹状体的影响，即灵活更新工作记忆内容和相关目标的能力。纹状体多巴胺系统的变异性与认知灵活性的改变有关，事实上，包括注意力缺陷障碍、帕金森病、精神分裂症和药物成瘾在内的各种神经精神障碍的特征都是多巴胺能神经传递和认知控制的异常。重要的是，食欲和厌恶的动机被认为是阶段性增加和减少，分别释放到纹状体多巴胺，从而提高的可能性，动机的背景下可能会有差异地影响认知控制过程。最近 研究表明，奖励动机增加了认知灵活性，但仅限于纹状体多巴胺基线水平较高的个体。研究厌恶性动机对认知控制的影响的研究要有限得多;在一项研究中，惩罚的威胁与工作记忆内容的更新减少有关，这表明厌恶性动机可能会使个体偏离认知灵活性，而倾向于认知稳定性。然而，到目前为止，没有工作已经明确研究的作用，基线多巴胺系统功能介导的厌恶性动机的影响，认知控制过程或支持他们的额纹状体电路。通过利用已知影响纹状体多巴胺系统的遗传变异，并使用有针对性的心理药理学干预，拟议的功能磁共振成像实验试图通过检查纹状体多巴胺变异性对大脑激活模式和认知灵活性的影响来填补这一空白。拟议的研究的第二个目的是描述的作用，缰在缓和的影响，一个厌恶的动机背景下的认知控制过程。缰是一个小区域的上丘脑，最近被牵连在抑制纹状体DA释放，以应对潜在的惩罚;如果抑制纹状体DA导致厌恶的动机影响支持认知灵活性的额纹状体电路，缰可能提供一个关键的联系动机和认知控制。总之，拟议的研究将扩大我们的神经生物学机制，可能有助于动机和认知之间的关系的个体差异的知识。此外，这项工作的结果可能会通知我们的认知控制异常的神经精神疾病的特点是异常DA神经传递和治疗和非法药物的使用对认知控制方面的影响的理解。