Demographic Patterns of Eugenic Sterilization in Three U.S. States: Mixed Methods Investigation of Reproductive Control of the 'Unfit'

项目总结/摘要 从1907年印第安纳州通过美国第一个州绝育法到20世纪70年代，大约有6万人 人们根据优生标准进行绝育，旨在限制"不适合"的生育。我们的团队已被 使用我们创建的超过20，000个数据集， 加州的灭菌许可。我们的跨学科合作历史学家和 流行病学家在方法上进行了创新，并揭示了重要的发现，包括 不成比例的绝育拉丁/o加州人，特别是年轻的拉丁裔，和不同的 在不同的人口群体和不同的州立医院实施同意程序。我们 我建议将我们的分析扩展到北卡罗来纳州和爱荷华州，正式确定一种方法，严格整合我们的 定量流行病学方法与定性历史分析。 为了更好地了解美国优生绝育的多区域和多层次的理解， 20世纪，我们建议复制和扩展我们的分析加州优生记录，包括 1929年至1974年期间，北卡罗来纳州7,068份绝育申请的定量和定性数据， 以及1934年至1974年间来自爱荷华州的2,185例绝育手术。最终，我们的数据集将包含 近30，000个绝育申请，约占美国报告的所有优生绝育的一半 世纪的美国。 我们将为每个州制作，协调和分析去识别优生绝育数据集，包括 患者的性别、年龄、种族、国籍、诊断、机构家庭和家族史数据 考虑进行灭菌。我们将结合个人水平的优生绝育数据集进行分析， 人口普查微观数据，估计和比较人口绝育率。我们将深化混合 方法在我们的R21分析中开发的方法，将定量结果与深入的定性结果相结合， 分析患者表格上的注释，以更深入地了解30，000人的经历 在优生学时代绝育。 这项研究与人类基因组学中的当代伦理、法律的和社会问题有关，因为它将提供 新的学术知识，其中一个特定的变异的遗传决定论导致了 国家强制剥夺生育能力的现象普遍存在。我们将研究优生刻板印象 关于种族和民族，性别，性行为和智力残疾影响了三个州的 对被收容者和弱势群体的生殖生活进行干预。我们的发现可以作为一个 当代对话的背景，关于正常、残疾和 遗传污名化可以不知不觉地进入疾病预防和人类健康的规范。 改进.

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT From the passage of the first US state sterilization law in Indiana in 1907 until the 1970s, approximately 60,000 people were sterilized based on eugenic criteria designed to limit the reproduction of the “unfit”. Our team has produced original empirical historical analyses of this practice, using a dataset we created of over 20,000 sterilization approvals from California. Our interdisciplinary collaboration between historians and epidemiologists has generated methodological innovations and revealed important findings, including the disproportionate sterilization of Latina/o Californians, especially young Latinas, and the disparate implementation of consent processes across different demographic groups and different state hospitals. We propose to extend our analysis to North Carolina and Iowa, formalizing a method to rigorously integrate our quantitative epidemiologic approach with qualitative, historical analysis. To capture a more multiregional and layered understanding of eugenic sterilization in the United States in the 20th century, we propose to replicate and extend our analyses of the California eugenics records to include quantitative and qualitative data on 7,068 sterilization petitions from North Carolina between 1929 and 1974, and 2,185 sterilization applications from Iowa between 1934 and 1974. Ultimately our dataset will contain nearly 30,000 sterilization petitions, approximately one half of all eugenic sterilizations reported in the United States in the 20th century. We will produce, harmonize and analyze de-identified eugenic sterilization datasets for each state, including data on the gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, diagnosis, institutional home, and family history of patients considered for sterilization. We will analyze eugenic sterilization datasets in conjunction with individual-level Census microdata, estimating and comparing population-based sterilization rates. We will deepen the mixed methods approaches developed in our R21 analysis, integrating quantitative findings with in-depth qualitative analysis of notes on patient forms to generate a richer understanding of the experiences of 30,000 people sterilized during the eugenics era. This study is relevant to contemporary ethical, legal, and social issues in human genomics, as it will provide new scholarly knowledge about the ways in which a particular variant of genetic determinism resulted in the widespread state-mandated deprivation of reproductive capacity. We will examine how eugenic stereotypes about race and ethnicity, gender, sexual behavior, and intellectual disability influenced three states' interventions into the reproductive lives of institutionalized and vulnerable persons. Our findings can serve as a backdrop for contemporary conversations about the extent to which conceptions of normality, disability, and genetic stigmatization can insinuate themselves into the norms of disease prevention and human improvement.