Demographic Patterns of Eugenic Sterilization in Three U.S. States: Mixed Methods Investigation of Reproductive Control of the 'Unfit'

美国三个州优生绝育的人口统计模式：“不健康者”生殖控制的混合方法调查

• 批准号: 10160210
• 负责人: ALEXANDRA M STERN
• 金额: $ 11.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-21 至 2021-08-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10160210
• 关键词: Age; Archives; Attitude; Belief; Bioethics Consultants; California; Categories; Censuses; Code; Conceptions; Consent; Consent Forms; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Diagnosis; Ensure; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Ethics; Ethnic Origin; Eugenics; Family; Family history of; Gender; General Practitioners; Genetic; Genetic Determinism; Genomics; Geographic state; Home environment; Human; Human Genetics; Humanities; Indiana; Individual; Intellectual functioning disability; Intervention; Investigation; Iowa; Knowledge; Latina; Laws; Legal; Link; Methodology; Methods; Nationalities; Normalcy; North Carolina; Parents; Patients; Pattern; Persons; Phase; Play; Policies; Population; Process; Psychiatric Diagnosis; Qualitative Research; Race; Recording of previous events; Records; Reporting; Reproduction; Reproductive Health; Sex Behavior; Specialist; State Hospitals; Stereotyping; Sterilization; Time; United States; Variant; Woman; Work; base; deprivation; design; disability; disorder prevention; ethical legal social implication; experience; genetic discrimination; genetic variant; girls; human genomics; innovation; interdisciplinary collaboration; interest; large datasets; population based; programs; racial and ethnic; reproductive; residence; social

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT From the passage of the first US state sterilization law in Indiana in 1907 until the 1970s, approximately 60,000 people were sterilized based on eugenic criteria designed to limit the reproduction of the “unfit”. Our team has produced original empirical historical analyses of this practice, using a dataset we created of over 20,000 sterilization approvals from California. Our interdisciplinary collaboration between historians and epidemiologists has generated methodological innovations and revealed important findings, including the disproportionate sterilization of Latina/o Californians, especially young Latinas, and the disparate implementation of consent processes across different demographic groups and different state hospitals. We propose to extend our analysis to North Carolina and Iowa, formalizing a method to rigorously integrate our quantitative epidemiologic approach with qualitative, historical analysis. To capture a more multiregional and layered understanding of eugenic sterilization in the United States in the 20th century, we propose to replicate and extend our analyses of the California eugenics records to include quantitative and qualitative data on 7,068 sterilization petitions from North Carolina between 1929 and 1974, and 2,185 sterilization applications from Iowa between 1934 and 1974. Ultimately our dataset will contain nearly 30,000 sterilization petitions, approximately one half of all eugenic sterilizations reported in the United States in the 20th century. We will produce, harmonize and analyze de-identified eugenic sterilization datasets for each state, including data on the gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, diagnosis, institutional home, and family history of patients considered for sterilization. We will analyze eugenic sterilization datasets in conjunction with individual-level Census microdata, estimating and comparing population-based sterilization rates. We will deepen the mixed methods approaches developed in our R21 analysis, integrating quantitative findings with in-depth qualitative analysis of notes on patient forms to generate a richer understanding of the experiences of 30,000 people sterilized during the eugenics era. This study is relevant to contemporary ethical, legal, and social issues in human genomics, as it will provide new scholarly knowledge about the ways in which a particular variant of genetic determinism resulted in the widespread state-mandated deprivation of reproductive capacity. We will examine how eugenic stereotypes about race and ethnicity, gender, sexual behavior, and intellectual disability influenced three states' interventions into the reproductive lives of institutionalized and vulnerable persons. Our findings can serve as a backdrop for contemporary conversations about the extent to which conceptions of normality, disability, and genetic stigmatization can insinuate themselves into the norms of disease prevention and human improvement.

项目概要/摘要 从 1907 年美国印第安纳州通过第一部绝育法到 20 世纪 70 年代，大约 60,000 人们根据优生标准进行绝育，旨在限制“不适合”的繁殖。我们的团队有 使用我们创建的超过 20,000 个数据集，对这种做法进行了原始的实证历史分析 加利福尼亚州的绝育批准。我们与历史学家之间的跨学科合作 流行病学家产生了方法创新并揭示了重要发现，包括 对拉丁裔/加州人，尤其是年轻的拉丁裔的不成比例的绝育，以及不同的群体 在不同人口群体和不同公立医院中实施同意程序。我们 建议将我们的分析扩展到北卡罗来纳州和爱荷华州，正式制定一种严格整合我们的方法 定量流行病学方法与定性历史分析相结合。 为了获得对美国优生绝育的更加多区域和分层的了解 20 世纪，我们建议复制并扩展我们对加州优生学记录的分析，以包括 1929 年至 1974 年间北卡罗来纳州 7,068 份绝育申请的定量和定性数据， 以及 1934 年至 1974 年间来自爱荷华州的 2,185 个绝育应用。最终我们的数据集将包含 近 30,000 份绝育请愿书，约占美国报告的所有优生绝育的一半 20世纪的国家。 我们将为每个州制作、协调和分析去识别化的优生绝育数据集，包括 有关患者性别、年龄、种族、国籍、诊断、机构所在地和家族史的数据 考虑进行灭菌。我们将结合个体层面分析优生绝育数据集 人口普查微观数据，估计和比较基于人群的绝育率。我们将深化混合 我们的 R21 分析中开发的方法，将定量发现与深入的定性相结合 分析患者表格上的注释，以更丰富地了解 30,000 人的经历 优生时代绝育。 这项研究与人类基因组学的当代伦理、法律和社会问题相关，因为它将提供 关于遗传决定论的特定变体如何导致 国家规定普遍剥夺生殖能力。我们将研究优生刻板印象如何 关于种族和民族、性别、性行为和智力障碍的问题影响了三个州 对收容机构和弱势群体的生殖生活进行干预。我们的研究结果可以作为 当代关于正常、残疾和残疾概念的程度的对话的背景 遗传污名化可能会渗透到疾病预防和人类健康的规范中 改进。