Spinal And Peripheral Mechanisms Of Human Motor Control

人体运动控制的脊柱和外周机制

• 批准号: 7594680
• 负责人: Mary Kay Floeter
• 金额: $ 104.05万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7594680
• 关键词: Affect; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Area; Base of the Brain; Brain; Class; Clinical; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Computers; DNA; Dementia; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Electroencephalography; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Image; Long-Term Survivors; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Motor; Motor Neuron Disease; Motor Neurons; Motor output; Movement; Muscle; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Neuropsychological Tests; Pathology; Patients; Peripheral; Poliomyelitis; Population; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; Primary Lateral Sclerosis; Prosthesis; Protocols documentation; Reporting; Running; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Spinal; Spinal Cord; Survivors; Symptoms; System; Testing; Work; brain computer interface; cognitive neuroscience; frontal cognitive dysfunction; motor control; nervous system disorder; neuron loss; relating to nervous system; repository

The goals of this project are to understand how the brain uses spinal cord circuits to coordinate movement and how neurological disorders alter the functioning of motor circuits. In previous years, we have examined changes in cortical and spinal motor circuits in disorders that selectively affect specific neuron classes. In FY2006 we studied functional changes in cortical motor circuits in long-term survivors of polio who have lower motor neuron loss and in patients with primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons. In polio survivors, we found changes in the activation of the corticospinal system that maximize the motor output to muscles that had been affected by polio. These adaptations were not correlated with symptoms of post-polio syndrome. In patients with PLS we reported that the slow cortical EEG potentials associated with voluntary movement from pre-motor and motor areas of the cortex were diminished, but that changes in the beta-frequency oscillatory signals associated with movement were preserved. In FY2007, we expanded on these observations in PLS patients in three areas. The first was a collaboration with Dr. Ou Bai to use single-trial changes in oscillatory signals for an EEG-based brain-computer interface. The preliminary findings are promising that these signals may be useful for development of a neural-driven prosthesis in patients with motor neuron disorders. Further description of this project can be found in the Human Motor Control section report. The second line of study was aimed at assessing the extent of (non-motor) frontal cortical dysfunction in PLS patients, and to compare them to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It has been proposed that ALS and fronto-temporal dementia have a common pathology, and that many ALS patients have frontal cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we have worked extensively with the Cognitive Neuroscience section to use the same testing battery that they have used in their studies of patients with fronto-temporal dementia. This protocol, which is planned to run for 3 years, includes neuropsychological tests, psychiatric assessment, and anatomical MRI with diffusion tensor imaging. The imaging studies will be examined in an exploratory fashion to determine whether any quantitative measures correlate to motor function or cognitive deficits. Lastly, recognizing that PLS is likely to be complex disorder, we are collecting samples from PLS patients for the NINDS DNA repository for motor neuron diseases at Coriell, so that this rare population will be accessible to the general scientific community for further studies.

该项目的目标是了解大脑如何使用脊髓回路来协调运动，以及神经系统疾病如何改变运动回路的功能。在过去的几年中，我们已经检查了选择性影响特定神经元类别的疾病中皮质和脊髓运动回路的变化。在2006财政年度，我们研究了脊髓灰质炎长期幸存者中下运动神经元丢失和原发性侧索硬化症（PLS）患者（一种影响上运动神经元的神经退行性疾病）的皮质运动回路功能变化。在脊髓灰质炎幸存者中，我们发现皮质脊髓系统的激活发生了变化，使脊髓灰质炎影响的肌肉的运动输出最大化。这些适应与脊髓灰质炎后综合征的症状无关。在PLS患者中，我们报告说，缓慢的皮质EEG电位与自主运动的前运动和运动区的皮质减少，但与运动相关的β频率振荡信号的变化被保留。 在2007财政年度，我们在PLS患者中的三个方面扩展了这些观察结果。第一个是与欧白博士合作，使用振荡信号的单次试验变化来实现基于EEG的脑机接口。初步的研究结果是有希望的，这些信号可能是有用的运动神经元疾病患者的神经驱动假体的发展。该项目的进一步描述可参见人体运动控制部分报告。第二线研究旨在评估PLS患者（非运动）额叶皮质功能障碍的程度，并将其与肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）患者进行比较。已经提出ALS和额颞叶痴呆具有共同的病理，并且许多ALS患者具有额叶认知功能障碍。在这项研究中，我们与认知神经科学部门进行了广泛的合作，使用了他们在额颞叶痴呆患者研究中使用的相同测试组合。该方案计划运行3年，包括神经心理学测试、精神病评估和带有扩散张量成像的解剖MRI。将以探索性方式检查成像研究，以确定任何定量测量是否与运动功能或认知缺陷相关。最后，认识到PLS很可能是一种复杂的疾病，我们正在收集PLS患者的样本，用于Coriell的NINDS运动神经元疾病DNA库，以便这个罕见的人群可以供一般科学界进一步研究。