Affordable Shortwave Infrared Spectroscopy for Stroke Risk Screening in Children with Sickle Cell Disease

经济实惠的短波红外光谱仪用于镰状细胞病儿童中风风险筛查

• 批准号: 10730967
• 负责人: Seung Yup Lee
• 金额: $ 42.67万
• 依托单位: KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-21 至 2026-09-20
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10730967
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Atlases; Benchmarking; Biophotonics; Blood Transfusion; Blood Vessels; Blood flow; Bluetooth; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrum; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Computer Analysis; Country; Coupled; Data; Devices; Early Diagnosis; Early identification; Engineering; Erythrocytes; Evaluation; Exposure to; Fiber Optics; Flowmeters; Foundations; Germanium; Goals; Head; Heart Diseases; Human Resources; In Vitro; Income; Indium; Inhalation; Institutional Review Boards; Investigation; Lasers; Length; Light; Measures; Methods; Microfabrication; Microfluidics; Modality; Modeling; Monitor; Monte Carlo Method; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Nurses; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Penetration; Performance; Perfusion; Photons; Pilot Projects; Procedures; Research; Research Activity; Resource-limited setting; Resources; Risk; Scalp structure; Screening procedure; Series; Short Waves; Sickle Cell; Sickle Cell Anemia; Signal Transduction; Skin; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Stroke; Stroke prevention; Students; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Tissues; Training; Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography; Variant; attenuation; blood flow measurement; cerebrovascular; cohort; community clinic; cost; cost effective; cranium; design; design and construction; diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; experience; fluorescence imaging; gallium arsenide; global health; handheld mobile device; high risk; human subject; improved; in silico; in vivo evaluation; infrared spectroscopy; innovation; instrumentation; medical specialties; neuroimaging; optical fiber; optical imaging; photoacoustic imaging; portability; prototype; recruit; screening; sensor; stroke risk; tool; transmission process; user-friendly; validation studies; wireless communication

PROJECT SUMMARY The risk of stroke in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is enormous, ~300 times higher than healthy children without SCD and heart disease. Without treatment, ~11% of SCD patients have clinically apparent stroke by their age of 20 and the risk is the most significant between ages 2 and 5. For stroke prevention, early identification of abnormal cerebral perfusion is critical to initiating a timely therapeutic intervention. The current standard screening tool is a transcranial ultrasound doppler (TCD). In high-resource settings, the TCD screening followed by blood transfusion therapy has reduced the risk of stroke by 92%. Unfortunately, TCD screening is not widely available due to a high cost and a lack of trained personnel in low resource settings such as sub-Saharan Africa where most sickle cell patients live. Here we propose to engineer an affordable non-invasive optical technique that can quantify microvascular cerebral blood flow (CBF) in pediatric sickle cell disease. Specifically, we will build a speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) system working in the shortwave infrared (SWIR or 2nd near-infrared, NIR) region for the enhanced depth sensitivity with ×10 higher SNR at a lower cost (×10 less) compared to the current NIR system. First, we will computationally investigate the high depth-sensitivity of SWIR SCOS using a multi-layer Monte Carlo simulation on a realistic head model. We will also perform experimental verification using a benchtop SWIR SCOS system comprising a SWIR long-coherence laser and an off-the-shelf InGaAs camera. The benchmark tests will be performed against NIR SCOS to characterize SNR, depth sensitivity and accuracy on fabricated microfluidic channels mimicking layered microvascular networks. Next, we will explore the feasibility of a portable SWIR SCOS system using a low-cost Germanium-based SWIR camera and validate the developed protype by measuring CBF of healthy adults undergoing a hypercapnic challenge. The scientific goal of this proposal is to study the SWIR range for SCOS enabling assessment of deeper tissue microvascular blood flow. The SWIR optical transmission window has several advantages over the NIR range (700-900nm) including lower tissue optical attenuation, more photon numbers per unit energy and higher maximum permissible exposure to skin. With these benefits, SWIR has been explored in many optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques including fluorescence or photoacoustic imaging, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies but not yet in SCOS. The higher depth-sensitivity will mitigate signal contamination from the extracerebral layers (i.e. skull/scalp), contributing to more accurate estimation of cerebral blood flow. The proposed research will create a prototype of a portable deep tissue flowmeter ready for a clinical pilot study in children with sickle cell disease. In the long-term, this device may address the paucity of neuroimaging modalities in the low-resource settings.

项目摘要 镰状细胞病（SCD）儿童中风的风险是巨大的，比健康儿童高约300倍 没有SCD和心脏病。未经治疗，约有11％的SCD患者通过 他们20岁，风险是2至5岁之间的最大风险。对于预防中风，早期识别 脑灌注异常对于及时的治疗干预至关重要。当前标准 筛选工具是thrancranial超声多普勒（TCD）。在高资源设置中，随后进行了TCD筛选 通过输血疗法将中风的风险降低了92％。不幸的是，TCD筛查不是广泛的 由于成本高昂和在低资源环境（例如撒哈拉以南非洲）中缺乏训练的人员，因此可用 大多数镰状细胞患者居住的地方。在这里，我们建议设计一种负担得起的非侵入性光学技术 可以量化小儿镰状细胞病中的微血管脑血流（CBF）。具体来说，我们会的 在短波红外（SWIR或2nd 近红外，NIR）区域，以增强的深度灵敏度，×10较高的SNR，成本较低（降低×10） 与当前的NIR系统相比。首先，我们将在计算上研究SWIR的高深度敏感性 SCO在现实的头部模型上使用多层蒙特卡洛模拟。我们还将执行实验 使用台式SWIR SCOS系统进行验证，该系统完成SWIR长期激光器和现成的验证 Ingaas摄像头。将对NIR SCO进行基准测试以表征SNR，深度 对模仿分层微血管网络的制造微流体通道的敏感性和准确性。接下来，我们 将使用低成本的Swir摄像头探索便携式SWIR SCOS系统的可行性 并通过测量经历过度含量挑战的健康成年人的CBF来验证开发的原型。 该提案的科学目标是研究SWIR范围以进行SCO，以评估更深层次 组织微血管血流。 SWIR光传输窗口比NIR具有多个优点 范围（700-900nm），包括较低的组织光学衰减，单位能量更多的光子数量和更高的光子数 最大允许的皮肤接触。有了这些好处，SWIR已在许多光学成像中探索 和光谱技术，包括荧光或光声成像以及弥散反射率 光谱镜，但尚未在SCO中。较高的深度敏感性将减轻来自的信号污染 脑外层（即头皮/头皮），有助于更准确地估计脑血​​流。这 拟议的研究将创建一个便携式深层组织流量计的原型 镰状细胞疾病的儿童。从长远来看，该设备可能会解决神经影像模式的匮乏 在低资源设置中。