Shared Language Erosion Among Chinese Immigrant Families

中国移民家庭的共同语言侵蚀

• 批准号: 10730856
• 负责人: Hua Lin
• 金额: $ 44.88万
• 依托单位: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-05 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10730856
• 关键词: Academic Research Enhancement Awards; Address; Affect; Age; Anxiety; Area; Asian; Asian Americans; Asian population; Attention; Automobile Driving; Buffers; COVID-19; Charge; Child; Child Rearing; China; Chinese; Chinese American; Chinese population; Cities; Communication; Communities; Competence; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Development; Discrimination; Emotional; English Language; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Exhibits; Family; Family member; Feeling; Feeling suicidal; Female; Foundations; Frustration; Gender; Generations; Growth; Health Personnel; Home; Homes for the Aged; Immigrant; Immigrant family; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Linguistics; Literature; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Mental disorders; Mentors; Monitor; Nature; Parents; Pathway interactions; Population; Population Growth; Populations at Risk; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Process; Public Health; Research; Research Project Grants; Role; Sampling; Schools; Science; Stress; Structure; Subgroup; Suicide attempt; Testing; Time; Woman; Work; Youth; behavioral health; behavioral outcome; bilingualism; coping; ethnic identity; evidence base; innovation; novel; perceived discrimination; preference; prevent; protective factors; racial identity; racial population; recruit; skills; stressor; suicidal behavior; suicide rate; undergraduate student

Project Summary/Abstract Accusations regarding the origins of COVID-19 and ongoing anti-China rhetoric have provoked increases in mental health problems (MHPs) such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Chinese American immigrant (CAI) families. Yet, little is known about how CAI families cope with discrimination. Additionally, there is a well-documented increase in the prevalence of MHPs from the 1st to the 2nd and 3rd generations of CAIs. However, little is known about what might be driving this increase. A growing literature shows that upon entering school, immigrant children in general, and Chinese-heritage children in particular, quickly acquire proficiency in English while exhibiting significant declines in their heritage language (HL). Over the same time period, their parents show only modest gains in their English proficiency. The combination of child HL loss and low parental EL acquisition creates a situation in which immigrant children and their parents increasingly do not speak the same language, which we call shared language erosion (SLE). This dynamic creates a growing barrier for Chinese parents and their children to communicate effectively. When communication falters, misunderstandings, frustrations, conflict, and feelings of rejection grow, causing disharmony in the family. Parental competencies that normally would buffer against environmental risks become increasingly ineffective leaving youth vulnerable to the negative impact of discrimination and stress. This may help explain why 2nd and 3rd generation Chinese immigrants are 2~3 times more likely to develop a mental illness and/or attempt suicide relative to their 1st generation counterparts. Because language is the mechanism through which meaning, identity, and relationships evolve and are strengthened, SLE may also impede the development of other protective factors against MHPs such as ethnic identity, engagement with extended kin, and a sense of belonging to an ethnic community. However, these mediated paths from SLE to youth MHPs have not been tested. To assess these linkages the current study aims to: 1) Examine the extent to which the association between SLE and Chinese American immigrant youth's MHPs is mediated by parental efficacy (e.g., monitoring, low conflict, closeness), and whether this path is moderated by youth gender; 2) Examine whether the path from perceived discrimination to MHPs through youth stress is moderated by SLE among CAI youth. We hypothesize that SLE will be positively associated with MHPs, that this association will be mediated by parental efficacy, and will be stronger for females. We also hypothesize that high SLE will exacerbate the negative effects of discrimination on youth MHPs by increasing the indirect effect through youth stress. To accomplish these aims we will sample 167 Chinese immigrant parents (1st generation) whose preferred language is Mandarin and their 1st or 2nd generation youth children (ages 12-17; N=167 parent-child dyads) who have resided in the US for 6 or more years.

项目总结/摘要 关于COVID-19起源的指控和持续的反华言论引发了 心理健康问题（MHP），如焦虑，抑郁，自杀的想法和行为， 华裔美国移民（CAI）家庭。然而，很少有人知道CAI家庭如何科普 歧视此外，有充分的证据表明，从第一次到第二次，MHP的患病率增加。 第二代和第三代CAI。然而，人们对是什么推动了这一增长知之甚少。 越来越多的文献表明，在进入学校，移民儿童一般，和中国传统， 特别是儿童，他们在迅速掌握英语的同时，他们的传统却在明显下降 语言（HL）。在同一时期，他们的父母在英语水平上只表现出适度的进步。 儿童HL损失和父母EL获得率低的组合创造了一种情况， 孩子和他们的父母越来越不讲同一种语言，我们称之为共享语言 糜烂（SLE）。这种动态为中国父母和孩子的沟通造成了越来越大的障碍 有效地当沟通不畅时，误解、挫折、冲突和被拒绝的感觉 成长，造成家庭不和谐。父母的能力，通常会缓冲 环境风险变得越来越无效，使青年容易受到 歧视和压力。这可能有助于解释为什么第二代和第三代中国移民是第二代和第三代移民的2~3倍。 与第一代同龄人相比，他们更有可能患上精神疾病和/或试图自杀。 因为语言是一种机制，通过它，意义、身份和关系得以发展， 加强，SLE也可能阻碍其他保护性因素对MHP的发展， 认同感、与远亲的接触以及对族裔社区的归属感。但这些 从SLE到青年MHP的介导途径尚未得到验证。为了评估这些联系，本研究报告 目的是：1）检查SLE与华裔美国移民之间的关联程度 青少年的MHP是由父母效能介导的（例如，监控、低冲突、亲密度），以及 这条路径是由青年性别调节; 2）检查是否从感知歧视的路径， MHPs通过青年压力是调节SLE CAI青年。我们假设SLE将是 与MHP正相关，这种关联将由父母效能介导，并将 对女性来说更强。我们还假设，SLE高将加剧歧视的负面影响 通过增加青年压力的间接影响，对青年MHP产生影响。为了实现这些目标，我们将 167名中国移民父母（第一代），他们的首选语言是普通话，他们的第一或第二代 在美国居住6年或以上的一代青少年儿童（12-17岁; N=167对父母-子女） 年