Elucidating the legacy of early parent-child relationship: A new developmental synthesis of temperament, internal representation, and behavior

阐明早期亲子关系的遗产：气质、内部表征和行为的新发展综合

• 批准号: 10731119
• 负责人: GRAZYNA KOCHANSKA
• 金额: $ 66.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-05 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10731119
• 关键词: Adult; Advocate; Age; Anger; Assertiveness; Behavior; Biological; Child; Child Behavior; Child Rearing; Communities; Competence; Complex; Data; Data Set; Development; Ecology; Emotional; Equation; Family; Family dynamics; Fathers; Feeling; Funding; Future; Genetic; Goals; Growth; Individuality; Infant; Influentials; Knowledge; Life; Link; Long-Term Effects; Measurable; Measures; Mediation; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Mothers; Motion; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pathway interactions; Perception; Personality; Poverty; Prevention program; Problem behavior; Process; Productivity; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Rules of conduct; Schools; Science; Secure; Socialization; Societies; Source; System; Temperament; Testing; Time; Trust; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Work; antisocial behavior; callous unemotional trait; catalyst; cognitive skill; coronavirus disease; dynamic system; early childhood; evidence base; expectation; experience; follow-up; health goals; high risk; high risk behavior; infancy; information processing; innovation; intervention program; kindergarten; middle childhood; person centered; preservation; prevent; social; social cognition; social skills; theories; welfare

ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this research is to promote children’s positive socioemotional pathways and to prevent maladaptive pathways. We elucidate why some children embark on positive paths toward prosocial, internalized, rule-abiding conduct, and robust social competence, whereas others enter maladaptive paths toward callousness, disregard for conduct rules and others’ feelings, antisocial behavior, and impoverished competence. We focus on the parent–child early relationship, formed in the first years of life, as an influential source of the divergent paths, and we longitudinally chart its complex, indirect yet powerful, long-term legacy. Drawing from our extensive research, correlational and experimental, in low- and high-risk families, we propose that although early relationship may not have long-term unqualified, direct effects, it nevertheless serves as a powerful moderator of future parent–child unfolding dynamics. Specifically, early relationship can set the stage for an adversarial, negative cascade. In suboptimal, insecure parent–child dyads, the child’s difficult temperament easily triggers the parent’s negative, harsh, power-assertive control, which, in turn, leads to detrimental child outcomes. In contrast, an early optimal relationship sets the stage for positive, cooperative, effective socialization, and defuses risks of negative cascades. We proposed that parents’ and children’s differing internal representations, expectations, and perceptions of each other (Internal Working Models, IWMs) that characterize suboptimal and optimal relationships and come to guide parents’ and children’s behavior and interactions are the key mechanisms that account for the divergent cascades. We are testing this framework in an ongoing study of 200 community mothers, fathers, and children, richly assessed at 8, 16, 38, and 50-54 months. This application proposes to leverage those massive data to follow up the families at ages 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10. Using state-of-science measures of parents’ and children’s social representations, in Aim 1 we examine how their unfolding IWMs of each other are linked to their relationship quality, how children’s Theory of Mind contributes to their IWMs, how children’s IWMs of the parents generalize to their representations of the social world, particularly hostile attributional biases, and how the child’s IWMs of two parents become integrated in development. In Aim 2, we examine the parent’s IWM of the child as moderating paths from child difficulty to parental control, and the child’s IWM of the parent as moderating paths from parental control to child outcomes. In Aim 3, we embed our model in the dynamics of the family system. Our multi-method, multi-level approach encompasses observational, genetic, and reported measures of the parent’s and the child’s relational information processing, representations, temperament, relationships, parental control, and child developmental outcomes. Variable- and person-centered analyses rely on structural equation modeling to elucidate divergent developmental cascades. We aim to realize a long-advocated – but yet to be accomplished – vision of research integrating relationships, temperament, representation, and behavior in pathways to children’s adjustment.

摘要 这项研究的总体目标是促进儿童积极的社会情感途径， 适应不良的途径。我们阐明了为什么有些孩子走上了亲社会的积极道路， 内化，遵守规则的行为和强大的社会能力，而其他人则进入适应不良的道路 冷漠无情，无视行为规则和他人的感受，反社会行为，贫困 能力。我们关注的是在生命最初几年形成的亲子关系， 这是分歧路径的根源，我们纵向绘制其复杂，间接但强大的长期遗产。 根据我们在低风险和高风险家庭中进行的广泛研究，相关性和实验性，我们建议 虽然早期的关系可能不会有长期的无限制的直接影响，但它仍然是一种 未来亲子关系发展的有力调节者。具体来说，早期的关系可以为 对抗性的负面连锁反应在次优的、不安全的亲子关系中，孩子很难 气质很容易引发父母消极、严厉、权力自信的控制，这反过来又会导致 有害的儿童后果。相反，早期的最佳关系为积极，合作， 有效的社会化，并消除负面级联的风险。我们建议父母和孩子的 不同的内部表示、期望和对彼此的看法（内部工作模型，IWM） 它代表了次优和最优的关系，并指导父母和孩子的行为， 相互作用是导致不同级联的关键机制。我们正在测试这个框架， 一项对200名社区母亲、父亲和儿童进行的正在进行的研究，在8岁、16岁、38岁和50-54岁时进行了充分评估。 个月该应用程序建议利用这些大量数据来跟踪5-6岁，7-8岁， 9-10。使用父母和孩子的社会表征的科学措施，在目标1中，我们 研究他们彼此展开的IWM如何与他们的关系质量联系在一起，儿童的理论如何 心理的贡献，他们的IWM，如何儿童的IWM的父母推广到他们的表征， 社会世界，特别是敌对归因偏见，以及孩子的两个父母的IWM如何整合 参与发展.在目标2中，我们研究了父母对孩子的IWM作为从孩子困难到 父母控制，和孩子的父母的IWM作为从父母控制到孩子结果的调节路径。 在目标3中，我们将我们的模型嵌入到家庭系统的动态中。我们的多方法、多层次的方法 包括父母和孩子的关系的观察，遗传和报告的措施 信息处理、表征、气质、关系、父母控制和儿童发展 结果。以变量和人为中心的分析依赖于结构方程模型来阐明不同的 发展级联。我们的目标是实现一个长期倡导但尚未实现的研究愿景 整合关系，气质，代表性和行为的途径，以儿童的调整。