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Elucidating the legacy of early parent-child relationship: A new developmental synthesis of temperament, internal representation, and behavior

阐明早期亲子关系的遗产：气质、内部表征和行为的新发展综合

基本信息

批准号：
10607184
负责人：
GRAZYNA KOCHANSKA
金额：
$ 27.02万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-04-15 至 2024-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10607184
关键词：
Accounting Address Adolescence Adult Advocate Anger Assertiveness Basic Science Behavior Biological Characteristics Child Child Behavior Child Rearing Coercion Cognition Cognitive Communities Competence Complex Data Development Equation Experimental Designs Family Family Study Fathers Feeling Funding Future Genetic Goals Growth Individuality Infant Intervention Intervention Studies Knowledge Life Link Long-Term Effects Longitudinal Studies Measures Methodology Methods Mind Modeling Molecular Genetics Mothers Motion Negative Valence Neighborhoods Neurons Outcome Parent-Child Relations Parents Pathway interactions Perception Play Population Poverty Prevention Prevention program Problem behavior Process Psychopathology Public Health Randomized Recording of previous events Reporting Research Risk Rules of conduct Science Secure Security Socialization Societies Source Temperament Testing Time Toddler Translational Research Trust Work antisocial behavior base callous unemotional trait catalyst design developmental psychology early childhood evidence base expectation experience health goals heuristics high risk high risk behavior infancy information processing innovation intervention program novel parental role prevent programs social social cognition social skills statistics synergism trait welfare

项目摘要

ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this research is to promote children's positive, adaptive pathways of socioemotional development and to prevent maladaptive pathways. Our work explains why some children embark on positive paths toward prosocial, internalized, rule-abiding conduct, and robust social competence, whereas others enter maladaptive paths toward callousness, disregard for conduct rules and others' feelings, antisocial behavior, and impoverished competence. We focus on the parent-child early attachment relationship, formed in the first years of life, as a source of those divergent pathways, and we longitudinally chart its complex, indirect yet powerful, long-term implications. On the basis of our past and current work, correlational and experimental, in low- and high-risk families, we propose that although early parent-child attachment may not have long-term unqualified, direct effects, it nevertheless serves as a powerful catalyst or moderator of future dynamics unfolding between the parent and the child. Specifically, early attachment insecurity sets the stage for an adversarial, negative cascade. In insecure parent-child dyads, the child's difficult temperament easily triggers the parent's negative, coercive, power-assertive control, which, in turn, leads to maladaptive child outcomes. In contrast, early security sets the stage for positive, cooperative, effective socialization, and defuses risks of negative cascades. To elucidate mechanisms explaining those processes, we propose that the divergent cascades are due to parents' and children's differing internal representations, expectations, and perceptions of each other (Internal Working Models, or IWMs) that characterize insecure and secure dyads. Those IWMs then come to guide parents' and children's behavior and interactions. A new study of 200 community mothers, fathers, and infants, intensively assessed at 7-9, 15-17, 36-38, and 46-48 months, will test this model. Deploying state-of-the-science measures of parents' and children's social representations, in Aim 1 we examine their emerging negative or positive IWMs of each other as linked to their early insecure or secure attachment relationships. Those IWMs are then tested as key mechanisms accounting for divergent cascades that unfold in insecure and secure relationships. In Aim 2, we examine the parent's IWM of the child as moderating the link between child difficulty and parental control, and in Aim 3, we examine the child's IWM of the parent as moderating the link between parental control and child outcomes. Our team includes experts in socioemotional development, infant and adult cognition, molecular genetics, and methodology and statistics. In a multi-method, multi-level approach, we collect observational, genetic, and reported measures of parent and child social cognition, temperament, attachment, parental control, and children's outcomes. Analyses rely on structural equation modeling to elucidate mechanisms of divergent developmental cascades unfolding over time. This research will produce a novel, long-advocated, but yet to be realized, synthesis of attachment, temperament, internal representation, and behavior in pathways to children's adjustment.

摘要