Intergenerational Vestiges of Childhood Maltreatment: Physiological Mediating Mechanisms of Parenting

项目概要/摘要 儿童期虐待构成了严重的公共卫生危机，伴随着毁灭性的终身代价， 包括精神病理学1，2和物质使用的风险增加，3社会情感功能较差，4，5 认知功能受损，6，7教育程度较低，8和身体健康问题9，如心脏病 疾病，10肥胖，11甚至过早死亡。12至关重要的是，儿童虐待的有害成本并不 仅限于那些直接受影响的人，但也可能通过中断的养育方式蔓延到后代， 13因此，确定可能解释两种情况之间联系的干预机制， 下一代的虐待历史和养育方式可以为这一研究领域的理论提供信息， 阐明临床实践中有意义的干预点。拟议的长期目标 项目是检查多系统生理应激反应指标作为中介协会 母亲虐待史与围产期养育方式之间的关系。这件事的新奇之处在于 项目是双重的。首先，本项目将检查下丘脑-肾上腺-肾上腺反应性（目标1）， 副交感神经系统反应（目标2）作为虐待和养育之间的中介联系 在关键的发展时期。这是第一项研究，以检查一个以上的生理介质， 这种关联同时，以及第一次研究，以检查副交感神经反应具体。 第二，本项目采用了针对具体领域的育儿方法14， 在保护和互惠的生理和养育结果之间的差异关联 域.这项工作通过利用现有的前瞻性，纵向， 研究（n=85）的不同，低收入妇女。申请人的专家调查员专门指导团队 将促进申请人在这一重要研究领域的发展。最后，这个奖项的颁发和完成 该项目将大大有助于为一位有前途的年轻科学家提供强有力的研究培训， 精神病理学、代际传递过程和人类生理学 培训机会，以提高研究技能，并加强相关领域的跨学科知识， 内容领域。此外，拟议的翻译研究是非常新颖的，将有助于了解 在围产期，特别是高危母亲的生物心理社会养育过程。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Childhood maltreatment constitutes a grave public health crisis associated with devastating lifelong costs, including heightened risk for psychopathology1,2 and substance use,3 poorer socioemotional functioning,4,5 impaired cognitive functioning,6,7 lower educational attainment,8 and physical health problems9 such as heart disease,10 obesity,11 and even early death.12 Crucially, the deleterious costs of childhood maltreatment are not limited to those directly affected, but can also spillover into future generations via disrupted parenting and caregiving practices.13 Thus, identification of intervening mechanisms that may explain associations between maltreatment histories and parenting in the next generation can inform theory in this area of research and illuminate meaningful points of intervention in clinical practice. The long-term objective of the proposed project is to examine multisystem physiological stress reactivity indicators as mediators of associations between maternal maltreatment histories and parenting during the perinatal period. The novelty of this project is twofold. First, this project will examine both Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal reactivity (Aim 1) and Parasympathetic Nervous System reactivity (Aim 2) as intervening links between maltreatment and parenting during a key developmental period. This is the first study to examine more than one physiological mediator of this association concurrently, as well as the first study to examine parasympathetic reactivity specifically. Second, informed by a Domain-Specific Approach14 to parenting, this project provides much-needed specificity in differential associations between physiology and parenting outcomes across the protection and reciprocity domains. This work addresses limitations of prior research by leveraging an existing prospective, longitudinal, study (n=85) of diverse, low-income women. The applicant’s dedicated mentorship team of expert investigators will foster the applicant's development in this important research area. Finally, the award and completion of this project will substantially aid in providing strong research training to a promising young scientist in developmental psychopathology, intergenerational transmission processes, and human physiology through quality mentoring and training opportunities for advanced research skills and enhanced interdisciplinary knowledge in relevant content areas. Moreover, the proposed translational research is highly novel and will contribute to knowledge of biopsychosocial parenting processes in the perinatal period, particularly among high-risk mothers.