Intervention to improve developmental and health outcomes for female adolescents

改善女性青少年发育和健康结果的干预措施

• 批准号: 10017700
• 负责人: Ozge Sensoy Bahar
• 金额: $ 19.82万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-12 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10017700
• 关键词: Address; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Attention; Behavioral; Belief; Books; Caregivers; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Labor; Child Welfare; Cities; Communities; Contracts; Control Groups; Dangerousness; Developing Countries; Development; Distress; Drops; Economics; Education; Enrollment; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family; Feeling; Female; Female Adolescents; Foundations; Future; Gender; Ghana; Goals; Health; Homelessness; Household; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Institution; Intention; International; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Labor Migrations; Language; Mental Health; Migrant; Minor; Mission; Morals; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Outcome; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Plant Roots; Poverty; Preventive Intervention; Primary Schools; Process; Psyche structure; Randomized; Recommendation; Research; Research Support; Risk; Risk Factors; Rural; Savings; School Drop-Outs; Schools; Stigmatization; Student Dropouts; Testing; Vulnerable Populations; Well in self; Work; Youth; adverse outcome; arm; cohesion; cost effectiveness; design; efficacy testing; emotional abuse; empowerment; experience; girls; group intervention; improved; innovation; intervention program; low and middle-income countries; prevent; programs; psychologic; psychosocial; recruit; resilience; rural-urban migration; social; social exclusion; theories; trafficking; treatment arm; treatment as usual; treatment group; urban area

The primary goal of this pilot study (R21) is to address the urgent need for theoretically and empirically informed interventions that prevent poor female youth's rural-to-urban migration for child labor in low and middle-income countries. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 11% of children (ages 5 to 17) worldwide are child laborers. ILO recently drew attention to migrant child laborers as an underreported, but more vulnerable group to adverse outcomes relative to children working locally. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to be the continent with the highest rates of child labor, with Ghana registering one of the highest incidence rates at 22%, including unaccompanied child migrants engaged in labor. Adolescent girls make up the majority of unaccompanied rural-to-urban migrants in search of better economic opportunities. Studies document the myriad of serious threats to health and emotional well-being experienced by female adolescent migrants engaged in child labor. These threats underline the urgent need for theoretically-informed preventive interventions, specifically tailored to address the root causes of female child migrant labor and the needs of girls from economically insecure families and communities. Hence, this application titled ANZANSI Family Program focuses on girls before they drop out of school, but as they begin exhibiting possibility of dropping out. Specifically, ANZANSI is an innovative combination intervention program, combining an evidence-informed family-level economic empowerment (EE) aimed at creating and strengthening financial stability through the use of matched children savings accounts (CSA) and microfinance in poor households with a multiple family group (MFG) intervention addressing family functioning and parental beliefs around gender and child labor/ education. Informed by asset theory, parental ethnotheories framework; and the investigative team's research in SSA on child-wellbeing and poverty, the study uses a cluster randomized control design (N=10 schools; n=100 girls ages 11-14 at risk of dropping out of school and their caregivers), assigned to two study conditions (N= 5 schools; n=50 children at risk of dropping out of school and their caregivers in each condition). The control group will receive bolstered usual care, including books and school lunch and treatment group will receive a combination intervention (Family EE+MFG) called ANZANSI, to address the following specific aims: Aim 1: Pilot test the (i) feasibility and acceptability of ANZANSI; and (ii) preliminary impact of ANZANSI by comparing the control arm to the treatment arm on specific child development outcomes; Aim 2: Explore multi- level factors (individual, family, and programmatic) impacting participation in and experiences with the ANZANSI. This study is aligned with NICHD's mission to support research relevant to the psychological, behavioral, and educational development and health of children worldwide. Ultimately, our findings may guide approaches to address youth's unaccompanied rural-to-urban migration and involvement in child labor in SSA, and the associated negative consequences.

这项试点研究（R21）的主要目标是解决理论和经验上的迫切需求 采取知情的干预措施，防止贫穷女青年从农村到城市移徙，在低收入国家从事童工劳动， 中等收入国家。国际劳工组织（ILO）估计，11%的儿童（5岁至 17)世界各地都有童工。国际劳工组织最近提请注意，移徙童工是一个报告不足的问题， 与在当地工作的儿童相比，更容易受到不利后果的影响。撒哈拉以南非洲 非洲仍然是童工率最高的大陆，加纳是童工率最高的国家之一。 发病率为22%，包括无人陪伴的儿童移民从事劳动。青春期女孩化妆 大多数举目无亲的农村到城市的移民是为了寻找更好的经济机会。研究 记录了女性青少年经历的对健康和情感健康的无数严重威胁 从事童工的移民。这些威胁突出表明，迫切需要有理论依据的预防性措施， 专门针对解决移徙女工的根本原因和移徙女工的需要而采取的干预措施; 来自经济不稳定家庭和社区的女孩。因此，此应用程序名为ANZANSI家庭 该方案的重点是女孩辍学前，但当她们开始表现出辍学的可能性时。 具体来说，ANZANSI是一个创新的组合干预计划，结合了循证医学， 家庭一级的经济赋权，旨在通过以下途径建立和加强金融稳定： 在多子女贫困家庭中使用配对儿童储蓄账户和小额信贷 小组（MFG）干预，解决家庭功能和父母对性别和童工的信念， 教育根据资产理论、父母民族理论框架和调查小组的研究 在关于儿童福利和贫困的SSA中，研究采用了分组随机对照设计（N=10所学校; n=100名11-14岁有辍学风险的女孩及其照顾者），分配到两个研究条件下 （N= 5所学校; N=50名有辍学风险的儿童及其照顾者）。的 对照组将接受加强的日常护理，包括书籍和学校午餐，治疗组将 接受称为ANZANSI的组合干预（家庭EE+MFG），以实现以下具体目标： 目标1：试点测试（i）ANZANSI的可行性和可接受性;以及（ii）ANZANSI的初步影响， 比较对照组和治疗组的特定儿童发育结局;目的2：探索多方面的 影响参与和体验的层面因素（个人、家庭和项目） ANZANSI。这项研究与NICHD的使命一致，即支持与心理学， 行为、教育发展和健康。最终，我们的发现可能会指导 解决撒哈拉以南非洲青年无人陪伴的农村到城市移徙和参与童工问题的方法， 以及相关的负面后果。