Environment and Gene Effects on Brain and Behavior

描述（由申请人提供）：发育中的大脑是铅的一个特别脆弱的目标，发育中的铅暴露导致认知和运动缺陷，并持续到成年。虽然铅对大脑发育的影响已经研究了几十年，但我们对遗传背景和环境如何改变铅对神经系统发育和功能的影响的理解存在差距。不同的环境条件可能对大脑对铅的反应有很大的影响。例如，丰富的环境可能对发育中接触铅具有潜在的神经保护作用，而贫乏的环境可能会加剧神经毒性。除了环境，遗传背景也可能改变发育铅暴露的结果，尽管在这一点上，这还没有得到系统的研究。因此，我们提出的研究有以下具体目标：具体目标1。研究遗传背景对铅诱导的海马区行为和分子缺陷的影响。使用基因表达阵列和生物信息学，我们将首先调查海马的正常发育基因表达谱，海马是一种已知对发育铅毒性敏感的结构，通常用于神经科学或毒理学研究的4种大鼠。然后，我们将研究这些表达谱的变化后，发展铅暴露。我们假设不同遗传背景的大鼠对相似的铅暴露会有不同的行为和基因表达反应。来自这项研究的数据将导致铅毒性的第一个基因表达数据库，并推进我们对可能受到发育铅暴露干扰的代谢，信号传导和调控途径的理解。关于遗传背景对这种毒素反应的影响的信息可能有助于制定新的干预战略。具体目标2。评估不同环境改变与发育期铅暴露相关的行为和分子缺陷的程度。这些研究将检查不同居住环境对铅诱导的空间学习和记忆缺陷以及初始候选基因表达（即，神经营养因子和NMDA受体亚型表达）。我们假设，在社会，但贫困的环境中饲养的动物将有更严重的赤字，动物饲养在丰富的环境中，后者将至少部分地保护免受铅暴露的有害影响，无论剂量或类型的曝光。我们的研究不仅将检查遗传学在影响铅暴露结果中的作用，而且可能表明铅对大脑的影响不是不可改变的。早期干预与治疗的基础上的原则，丰富的环境可能会被证明是有用的，至少减轻一些铅相关的功能缺陷。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将通过评估不同类型和水平的发育性铅暴露如何与遗传变异相互作用，从而导致脑损伤，从而提供有关遗传学在影响发育性铅暴露结果方面的作用的新数据。此外，在不同的环境中饲养如何修改与铅暴露相关的行为和分子缺陷的研究可能表明，铅对大脑的影响不是一成不变的，早期干预与治疗的基础上的原则，环境丰富可能证明是有用的衰减至少一些铅相关的功能缺陷。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The developing brain is a particularly vulnerable target for lead with developmental lead exposure resulting in cognitive and motor deficits that persist into adulthood. Although the effects of lead on the developing brain have been studied for decades, there are gaps in our understanding of how genetic background and environment may modify lead's influences on nervous system development and function. Different environmental milieus may have powerful effects on the response of the brain to lead. For example, environmental enrichment could have potential neuroprotective effects against developmental exposure to lead whereas an impoverished environment may exacerbate the neurotoxicity. In addition to environment, genetic background may also modify the outcome from developmental lead exposure, although at this point, this has not been examined systematically. Thus, our proposed research has the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1. Examine the influence of genetic background on lead induced behavioral and molecular deficits in the hippocampus. Using gene expression arrays and bioinformatics, we will first survey the normal developmental gene expression profile for the hippocampus, a structure known to be sensitive to developmental lead toxicity in 4 strains of rats typically used for neuroscience or toxicology studies. We then will examine changes in these expression profiles following developmental lead exposure. We hypothesize that rats of different genetic backgrounds will have different behavioral and gene expression responses to similar lead exposures. Data derived from this study will lead to the first gene expression database for lead toxicity and advance our understanding of the metabolic, signaling and regulatory pathways that may be disturbed by developmental lead exposure. Information on the influence of genetic background on the response to this toxin may help in development of new strategies for intervention. Specific Aim 2. Assess the extent to which different environments modify behavioral and molecular deficits associated with developmental lead exposure. These studies will examine the effects of different housing environments on lead-induced deficits in spatial learning and memory and initial candidate gene expression (i.e., neurotrophic factor and NMDA receptor subtype expression) in the hippocampus. We hypothesize that animals raised in a social but impoverished environment will have more severe deficits and that animals reared in enriched environments and that the latter will be at least partially protected against the detrimental effects of lead exposure regardless of dose or type of exposure. Our research will not only examine the role of genetics in influencing the outcome from lead exposure but may demonstrate that the effects of lead on the brain are not immutable. Early intervention with therapy based on the principles of environmental enrichment might prove useful for attenuating at least some lead-related functional deficits. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will provide new data on the role of genetics in influencing the outcome from developmental lead exposure by assessing how different types and levels of developmental lead exposure interacts with genetic variation to result in brain damage. Additionally, examination of how rearing in different environments modify behavioral and molecular deficits associated with development lead exposure may demonstrate that the effects of lead on the brain are not immutable and that early intervention with therapy based on the principles of environmental enrichment might prove useful for attenuating at least some lead-related functional deficits.