Integrating microbial biostimulation and electrolytic aeration to degrade POPs

结合微生物生物刺激和电解曝气来降解持久性有机污染物

• 批准号: 7340867
• 负责人: HAROLD D MAY
• 金额: $ 30.73万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-15 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7340867
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Aerobic; Aerobic Bacteria; Affect; Animals; Attenuated; Back; Bacteria; Biodegradation; Biological Assay; Bioremediations; Carbon Dioxide; Cell Respiration; Chlorine; Chlorobenzene; Communities; Dermal; Detoxification Process; Development; Dioxins; Disease; Drug Metabolic Detoxication; Electrolyses; Endocrine; Environment; Exposure to; Fishes; Food Chain; General Population; Generations; Health; Hepatotoxicity; Human; Hydrogen; Hydrolysis; In Situ; Lead; Mammals; Marines; Metabolic; Metabolism; Methods; Molecular; Molecular Weight; Monitor; Oxygen; Pathway interactions; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Principal Investigator; Process; Respiration; Risk; Site; System; Testing; Toxic effect; Water; carcinogenesis; chlorobenzene; dechlorination; dehalogenation; electron donor; immunotoxicity; innovation; member; microbial; microbial community; microorganism; microorganism mass culture; mineralization; novel strategies; pollutant; scale up

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Due to the their widespread use and stability, sediments contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorobenzenes and dioxins have been an environmental concern for several decades. In addition to perturbing the benthic community, these compounds biomagnify in the food chain through accumulation in the fatty tissue of animals, such as fish and marine mammals, which can eventually affect humans if consumed. Exposure to halogenated POPs by humans can lead to dermal toxicity, teratotoxicity, endocrine effects, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Although chemically stable in the environment these highly chlorinated compounds are susceptible to degradation once most of their chlorines are removed. The initial dechlorination is catalyzed in the anaerobic environment by microbial reductive respiration; the products of this initial microbial process can then be degraded and detoxified by oxygen respiring microorganisms. The limitations of these processes are: 1) anaerobic dechlorination is often slow and incomplete; 2) aerobic degradation is inhibited by limited availability of oxygen in the anaerobic sediment regions where these compounds persist. The Principal Investigators propose to complete the anaerobic process to unflanked di- through tetrachlorinated by in situ bioaugmention with dechlorinating microorganisms followed by application of low current hydrolysis to provide a constant level of oxygen for the complete degradation of the chlorinated compounds. The innovative aspects of this approach include the use of dechlorinating species with specific activities to direct the anaerobic dechorination pathways, a unique process for scaling up dehalogenating inoculum without co-release of toxic chlorinated compounds, electrolysis of water for maintaining constant oxygen levels during aerobic degradation and high throughput molecular assays for monitoring microbial communities. This integrated approach will optimize both anaerobic and aerobic processes to achieve complete in situ detoxification of chlorinated compounds through mineralization to small molecular weight metabolites and carbon dioxide. Implementation of a tractable in situ detoxification process to organohalide impacted sites will mitigate exposure to the food chain and subsequent exposure risks to the general public.

描述（由申请人提供）： 由于多氯联苯、氯苯和二恶英等持久性有机污染物（POPs）的广泛使用和稳定性，其污染的沉积物几十年来一直是环境问题。除了扰乱海底生物群落外，这些化合物还通过在鱼类和海洋哺乳动物等动物的脂肪组织中积累而在食物链中产生生物放大作用，如果食用，最终可能影响人类。人类接触卤化持久性有机污染物可导致皮肤毒性、致畸毒性、内分泌效应、肝毒性、免疫毒性和致癌作用。虽然这些高氯化化合物在环境中化学性质稳定，但一旦去除大部分氯，它们就容易降解。在厌氧环境中，微生物的还原呼吸作用会催化最初的脱氯作用;这一最初微生物过程的产物随后可被呼吸氧气的微生物降解和解毒。这些工艺的局限性是：1）厌氧脱氯通常缓慢且不完全; 2）在这些化合物持续存在的厌氧沉积物区域，氧的可获得性有限，抑制了好氧降解。主要研究人员建议，通过使用脱氯微生物进行原位生物强化，然后应用低电流水解，以提供恒定水平的氧气，从而完全降解氯化化合物，从而完成厌氧过程，以实现无侧二至四氯化。这种方法的创新方面包括使用具有特定活性的脱氯物种来指导厌氧脱氯途径，一种独特的工艺来扩大脱卤接种物而不同时释放有毒的氯化化合物，电解水以在有氧降解过程中保持恒定的氧气水平，以及用于监测微生物群落的高通量分子测定。这种综合方法将优化厌氧和好氧工艺，通过矿化为小分子量代谢物和二氧化碳，实现氯化化合物的完全原位解毒。在受有机卤化物影响的地点实施易于处理的原位解毒过程将减少对食物链的接触以及随后对公众的接触风险。