Central and Peripheral Processes in Visual Adaptation

视觉适应的中枢和外围过程

• 批准号: 7487766
• 负责人: STEVEN K SHEVELL
• 金额: $ 30.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7487766
• 关键词: Affect; Appearance; Area; Arts; Binding; Characteristics; Class; Clinical; Color; Color Perception; Complex; Condition; Depth; Diagnostic Procedure; Discrimination; Elements; Environment; Exposure to; Eye; Figs - dietary; Frequencies; Grant; Grouping; Image; Ink; Laboratories; Left; Letters; Light; Lighting; Location; Measurement; Mediating; Modeling; Motion; Neural Pathways; Neuronal Plasticity; Paper; Pattern; Perception; Peripheral; Photic Stimulation; Physiological; Printing; Process; Psychophysiology; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Shapes; Source; Specific qualifier value; Testing; Time; Trees; Variant; Vision; Visual Fields; Visual Pathways; Visual system structure; Week; Work; color constancy; color processing; day; neural model; neuromechanism; novel; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; size; spatial temporal variation; spatiotemporal; theories; visual adaptation; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this research is to understand neural pathways that mediate color and brightness perception in natural viewing. Matching, discrimination and appearance of color and brightness have been studied extensively with simple visual fields but little is known about the color perception of objects within complex, dynamic scenes typical of natural viewing. Simple fields can severely underestimate the influence of context on color and brightness. Even studies of color constancy are concerned mainly with color perception under changes of illumination. By comparison, each line of research here focuses on color perception within a complex context that varies over space and/or time. There are five lines of research, each chosen to reveal fundamental principles of vision that mediate perception of complex scenes. The first tests neural representations for color perception with inhomogeneous chromatic background patterns. The aim is to understand color perception with any spatiochromatic pattern. The second investigates integration of retinally separated regions, all of which are stimulated by a single object. The separated regions result from partial occlusion by other objects in the foreground. Perceptual grouping integrates the separated regions so one sees a single object but grouping also affects color perception. The third line of research examines perceptual binding of color to form. An object has many attributes such as shape, depth, direction of motion and color. The attributes must be integrated for the percept of a unified object. This research uses a novel, recently discovered paradigm that gives clear and sustained errors in color binding. The paradigm is leveraged to test alternative theories of binding color to form. The fourth line of work examines temporally varying background light. Simple temporally varying context, as in classical studies, fails to explain the influence of more complex temporal patterns that can occur outside the laboratory. The cause is a neural nonlinearity, which will be characterized by this study. The fifth set of experiments tests alternative theories of very-long-term chromatic adaptation (over days or weeks), which reflects neural plasticity implicit in natural viewing. Gradual changes in color appearance over many days reveal adaptation to the chromatic environment. Each line of research investigates basic neural processes of color and brightness perception that are neither well understood nor assessed by current clinical tests. Many of the underlying neural processes are cortical. Perception of integrated objects within complex scenes is a fundamental aspect of normal vision. This research provides essential underpinnings for diagnostic procedures that can reveal previously unidentified deficits in visual processing. Psychophysical measurements of color and brightness will test alternative theories. Quantitative modeling will incorporate characteristics of visual pathways from physiological studies.

描述(申请人提供)：这项研究的目的是了解在自然视觉中调节颜色和亮度感知的神经通路。颜色和亮度的匹配、辨别和外观已经用简单的视野进行了广泛的研究，但对自然观看典型的复杂、动态场景中对象的颜色感知知之甚少。简单的字段可能会严重低估上下文对颜色和亮度的影响。即使对颜色恒定性的研究也主要涉及光照变化下的颜色知觉。相比之下，这里的每一条研究路线都专注于在不同空间和/或时间变化的复杂背景下的颜色感知。有五条研究路线，每一条都被选择来揭示视觉的基本原理，这些原理调节了人们对复杂场景的感知。第一个测试是测试神经表征对不同颜色背景图案的颜色感知能力。其目的是理解任何空间色度图案的颜色感知。第二个研究视网膜分离区域的整合，所有这些区域都是由单一物体刺激的。分离的区域是由前景中的其他对象的部分遮挡造成的。知觉分组将分离的区域整合在一起，因此人们看到的是单一对象，但分组也会影响颜色感知。第三条研究线考察了颜色对形成的知觉绑定。物体有许多属性，如形状、深度、运动方向和颜色。这些属性必须结合在一起，才能感知到统一的对象。这项研究使用了最近发现的一种新的范式，它给出了颜色绑定中明显和持续的错误。这一范例被用来测试将颜色绑定到形式的替代理论。第四项工作是研究随时间变化的背景光。与经典研究一样，简单的时间变化背景无法解释实验室外可能发生的更复杂的时间模式的影响。其原因是神经非线性，这将在本研究中得到描述。第五组实验测试了非常长期的颜色适应(持续数天或数周)的替代理论，这反映了自然视觉中隐含的神经可塑性。在许多天里，颜色外观的逐渐变化表明了对色彩环境的适应。每一项研究都研究颜色和亮度知觉的基本神经过程，目前的临床测试既不能很好地理解这些过程，也不能很好地评估这些过程。许多潜在的神经过程是大脑皮层的。对复杂场景中综合物体的感知是正常视觉的一个基本方面。这项研究为诊断程序提供了必要的基础，这些程序可以揭示以前未发现的视觉处理缺陷。对颜色和亮度的心理物理测量将检验其他理论。定量建模将结合来自生理学研究的视觉通路的特征。