Central and Peripheral Processes in Visual Adaptation

描述(申请人提供)：颜色是视觉的一个基本方面。 颜色不是在光中，而是在眼睛中光的神经表示中 还有大脑。这种神经表示，因此感知到的颜色 灯光，取决于其他灯光的上下文也在视野中。经典的是， 对语境的研究具有统一的背景。拟议的研究 研究了颜色感知的神经过程，使用具有 空间结构。语境的空间结构是影响色彩外观的基本属性。例如，我的实验室最近的结果表明， 通过引入背景，光的颜色可以移动得更多 由两个色度组成的图案，而不是由一个统一的背景 图案中的两种色度。一个根本的悬而未决的问题， 这项研究涉及的是神经表征的水平(S 具有空间结构的语境会影响色彩知觉。这是一个中央 理解对自然场景的感知的问题，其中大多数对象是 在其他光线的复杂拼凑中看到的。 一般说来，上下文可以导致两种不同类型的转换 感知到的颜色，或者远离附近环境(颜色)的外观 对比)或朝向它(颜色同化)。最初，上下文模式 将被选择来单独研究调节对比的神经过程 这起到了调节同化作用的作用。以后的研究将把这些结果整合到 通过更一般的类型实现对颜色感知的更广泛理解 语境与空间结构。 调节颜色视觉的神经过程将通过测量推断出来 由策略性引入引起的光的感知颜色的变化 设计了周围的图案。设计这些实验是为了区分 神经表示的相互竞争的假设(例如，受体信号， 受体后染色--对抗性神经通路，或更多的染色 选择性的、更高级别的中央机制)。 患者的色觉下降通常是通过使用 简单的视野。仅受复杂空间影响的神经机制 结构，它发生在自然观察中，不计算。长期目标 这项研究的目的是了解调节颜色的许多神经过程 对复杂视觉刺激的感知，并开发方法来评估 这些神经机制的功能。

DESCRIPTION (Provided by applicant): Color is a fundamental aspect of vision. Color is not in light but rather in the neural representation of light in eye and brain. This neural representation, and therefore the perceived color of a light, depends on the context of other lights also in view. Classically, context has been studied with uniform backgrounds. The proposed research investigates neural processes of color perception using context that has spatial structure. Spatial structure of context is a basic property affecting color appearance. For example, recent results from my laboratory show that the color of a light can be shifted substantially more by introducing a background pattern composed of two chromaticities than by a uniform background at either of the two chromaticities in the pattern. A fundamental unsolved problem, which is addressed by this research, is the level(s) of neural representation where context with spatial structure affects color perception. This is a central issue for understanding perception of natural scenes, in which most objects are seen within a complex patchwork of other light. In general, context can induce two qualitatively distinct types of shift in perceived color, either away from the appearance of nearby context (color contrast) or toward it (color assimilation). Initially, contextual patterns will be selected to study separately the neural processes that mediate contrast and that mediate assimilation. Later studies will integrate these results to achieve a broader understanding of color perception with more general types of context with spatial structure. Neural processes that mediate color vision will be inferred by measuring changes in the perceived color of a light caused by introducing strategically designed surrounding patterns. The experiments are devised to distinguish among competing hypotheses of neural representation (for example, receptor signals, postreceptoral chromatically-opponent neural pathways, or more chromatically selective, higher-order central mechanisms). Reduced color vision in patients typically is assessed with tests that use simple visual fields. Neural mechanisms affected only by complex spatial structure, which occurs in natural viewing, are not evaluated. A long-term goal of this research is to understand the many neural processes mediating color perception of complex visual stimuli, and to develop methods to assess the functioning of these neural mechanisms.