Melamine/Cyanuric Acid Exposure and Kidney Injury in Children

摘要 三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸是常见的环境化学物质。 产品并会造成肾脏损伤和损害。广泛的高剂量污染 含有三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸的婴儿配方奶粉导致 在中国婴幼儿中由于肾毒性，但很少有研究研究是否处于较低水平的慢性 暴露可能会影响儿童的肾脏健康。这将是第一项调查研究 背景美国儿童中的三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸暴露，并首次确定他们的 与肾损伤标志物的关系。我们将在800中检测三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸 600名儿童的尿样(4-6岁儿童尿样600份，随访期尿样200份，年龄 8-9)在路径GAPPS(PWG)队列中，由NIH资助的活跃队列 环境对儿童结局的影响(4UH3OD023271-03)机制。我们会 确定接触来源并进行横断面和纵向调查 尿三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸与肾脏损伤和功能的尿标记物：NGAL， NAG、Kim1、蛋白尿和微量白蛋白尿。所获得的知识可能会导致 肾脏损伤和疾病发展的新致病因素的鉴定。研究结果 也可以用来减少普通人群中的暴露。

Abstract Melamine and cyanuric acid are environmental chemicals that are found in common household products and can cause kidney injury and damage. Widespread high dose contamination of infant formula with melamine and cyanuric acid led to significant illness and deaths among infants in China due to kidney toxicity, but few studies have examined if lower level chronic exposures may affect kidney health in children. This will be the first study to investigate background melamine and cyanuric exposures in US children and the first to determine their relationship with kidney injury markers. We will measure melamine and cyanuric acid in 800 urine samples from 600 children (600 samples at ages 4-6y and 200 samples at follow-up, ages 8-9y) in the PATHWAYS GAPPS (PWG) cohort, an active cohort funded through the NIH Environmental Influences on Child Outcomes (4UH3OD023271-03) mechanism. We will determine sources of exposure and conduct cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of urinary melamine and cyanuric acid with urinary markers of renal injury and function: NGAL, NAG, KIM1, proteinuria, and microalbuminuria. The knowledge gained could lead to identification of a novel contributor to kidney injury and disease development. Study results could also be used to reduce exposures in the general population.