Melamine/Cyanuric Acid Exposure and Kidney Injury in Children

摘要 三聚氰胺和氰尿酸是常见于家庭环境中的化学物质 产品，并可能导致肾脏损伤和损害。广泛的高剂量污染 含有三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸的婴儿配方奶粉导致了严重的疾病和死亡， 中国的婴儿由于肾毒性，但很少有研究检查，如果较低水平的慢性 暴露可能影响儿童的肾脏健康。这将是第一个调查 美国儿童暴露于三聚氰胺和三聚氰尿的背景，以及第一个确定其暴露水平的儿童 与肾损伤标志物的关系。我们将在800个样本中检测三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸 来自600名儿童的尿液样本（600份4- 6岁样本和200份随访样本，年龄 在PATHWAYS GAPPS（PWG）队列中，一个由NIH资助的活跃队列， 环境对儿童结局的影响（4UH 3 OD 023271 -03）机制。我们将 确定接触源，并进行横向和纵向调查， 尿三聚氰胺和氰尿酸与肾损伤和功能的尿标志物：NGAL， NAG、KIM 1、蛋白尿和微量白蛋白尿。获得的知识可能会导致 肾损伤和疾病发展新贡献者的鉴定。研究结果 也可用于减少一般人群的暴露。

Abstract Melamine and cyanuric acid are environmental chemicals that are found in common household products and can cause kidney injury and damage. Widespread high dose contamination of infant formula with melamine and cyanuric acid led to significant illness and deaths among infants in China due to kidney toxicity, but few studies have examined if lower level chronic exposures may affect kidney health in children. This will be the first study to investigate background melamine and cyanuric exposures in US children and the first to determine their relationship with kidney injury markers. We will measure melamine and cyanuric acid in 800 urine samples from 600 children (600 samples at ages 4-6y and 200 samples at follow-up, ages 8-9y) in the PATHWAYS GAPPS (PWG) cohort, an active cohort funded through the NIH Environmental Influences on Child Outcomes (4UH3OD023271-03) mechanism. We will determine sources of exposure and conduct cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of urinary melamine and cyanuric acid with urinary markers of renal injury and function: NGAL, NAG, KIM1, proteinuria, and microalbuminuria. The knowledge gained could lead to identification of a novel contributor to kidney injury and disease development. Study results could also be used to reduce exposures in the general population.