The E-Cigarette Population Paradox: Testing Effects of Youth-Targeted Population Warnings for E-Cigarettes among Two Key Populations

项目摘要 在不使用可燃香烟的年轻人中试用电子烟已达到流行病 电子烟产品广告（Ad）可能发挥了作用。电子商务的广泛应用- 香烟对青少年的健康和福祉造成重大危害。加强预警力度 其他烟草产品广告上的标签被发现会降低这些产品对年轻人的吸引力 这表明它们也可能是遏制青少年中这种流行病的有效战略。一 然而，在电子烟广告上设计更强大，更有效的健康警告的主要挑战是， 可燃香烟的吸烟者可能会遇到重大的风险， 健康福利。因此，烟草公司必须向年轻人和非吸烟者传达电子烟的风险 同时也保护了人们对完全转向电子烟的好处的看法， 易燃香烟吸烟者。这一悖论给监管者带来了挑战。本系列的目标 研究的目的是告知FDA有关电子烟警告法规的问题， 人口悖论有针对性的结果包括优先视觉注意警告超过广告内容， 使用电子烟和可燃香烟的意图，以及对这两种烟草产品的风险信念。目的 1将制定和测试一套候选警告信息，以最大限度地提高预期成果， 矛盾中的两个群体：不吸烟的青年和成年吸烟者。目标2将实验性地 测试电子烟广告上的警告，以最大限度地提高对作为关键高危人群的青少年的有利影响。 我们将使用配备了计算和眼动追踪技术的最先进的移动的实验室来测试效果 在一个随机实验中，目标1中有希望的警告的数量为4 between（候选警告）x 4 within（广告 上诉）设计，N=400。我们将确定警告标签，以增加对警告的视觉关注，减少 注意广告诉求，增加风险信念，减少使用意图。目标3将通过实验测试 电子烟警告对成年吸烟者的意外影响可能会受到劝阻 当接触到某些类型的警告时，转向电子烟。使用同一个移动的实验室，我们 将进行一个平行随机实验，实验中使用了相同的4 between（候选警告）x 4 within（广告诉求） 设计，N=400，以测试目标2中出现的最有效的警告是否有任何 对成年吸烟者的不良影响。我们将测试是否年轻有效的警告标签的影响 视觉注意力，可燃和电子烟之间的比较风险，以及使用两种产品的意图 （完全改用电子烟、两用或继续吸烟）。

PROJECT SUMMARY Trial and use of e-cigarettes among youth who are not users of combustible cigarettes has reached epidemic levels, and e-cigarette product advertisements (ads) have likely played a role. The widespread use of e- cigarettes poses significant harms to the health and well-being of adolescents. Increasing the strength of warning labels on ads for other tobacco products have been found to reduce the appeal of these products among young people, suggesting that they may also be an effective strategy to curb this epidemic among adolescents. One major challenge to the design of stronger and more effective health warnings on e-cigarette ads, however, is the risk that smokers of combustible cigarettes may be deterred from switching when they could experience major health benefits. Warnings therefore must communicate the risks of e-cigarettes to youth and non-smokers while also protecting perceptions of the benefits of switching completely to e-cigarettes among combustible cigarette smokers. This paradox presents a challenge for regulators. The goal of this series of studies is to inform the FDA on issues pertaining to e-cigarette warning regulations given this complex population paradox. Targeted outcomes include preferential visual attention to warnings over ad content, intentions to use both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, and risk beliefs about both tobacco products. Aim 1 will develop and test a set of candidate warning messages to maximize desirable outcomes among two populations within the paradox: nonsmoking youth and adult smokers. Aim 2 will experimentally test warnings on e-cigarette ads to maximize favorable effects on youth as the critical at-risk population. Using our state-of-the-art mobile lab outfitted with computing and eye-tracking technology, we will test the effects of promising warnings from Aim 1 in a randomized experiment with a 4between (candidate warnings) x 4within (ad appeals) design, N=400. We will identify warning labels that increase visual attention to the warnings, decrease attention to ad appeals, increase risk beliefs, and reduce use intentions. Aim 3 will experimentally test for unintended effects of warnings on e-cigarette with adult cigarette smokers who may be discouraged from switching to e-cigarettes when exposed to some types of warnings. Using the same mobile lab, we will conduct a parallel randomized experiment with the same 4between (candidate warnings) x 4within (ad appeals) design, N=400, to test whether the most effective warnings among youth that emerge in Aim 2 have any unintended consequences among adult smokers. We will test whether youth-effective warning labels influence visual attention, comparative risks between combustible and e-cigarettes, and intentions to use both products (switching completely to e-cigarettes, dual use, or continued smoking of combustible cigarettes) among adults.