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Examining Mindfulness Training Effects and Mechanisms on Cognitive Control

检查正念训练对认知控制的效果和机制

基本信息

批准号：
10000763
负责人：
RONGXIANG TANG
金额：
$ 3.91万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2021-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10000763
关键词：
Address Attention Attitude Awareness Behavior Behavior assessment Brain Characteristics Cognitive Communication Control Groups Development Effectiveness Effectiveness of Interventions Exhibits Financial Hardship Fostering Genes Graph Healthcare Impaired cognition Impairment Individual Individual Differences Intervention Investigation Knowledge Light Link Literature Measures Mediating Mental disorders Mind Mindfulness Training Monozygotic twins Neurosciences Outcome Parietal Patients Personal Satisfaction Population Process Research Role Sampling Self-control as a personality trait Short-Term Memory Source Standardization Testing Training Training Programs Twin Multiple Birth Waiting Lists Well in self aging population attentional control base brain behavior cognitive benefits cognitive change cognitive control cognitive enhancement cognitive function cognitive performance cognitive task daily functioning design healthy aging improved individual variation intervention effect intervention program longitudinal design mindfulness mindfulness-based stress reduction neglect neuroimaging neuromechanism novel patient population personalized intervention programs public health relevance relating to nervous system response trait

项目摘要

Project Summary (Abstract) Improving cognitive function is of critical importance to individual’s wellbeing and daily functioning as cognitive declines are common in healthy aging population and in patients with psychiatric disorders, posing significant financial burden to public healthcare. As a promising intervention that systematically fosters attention and self-control capacities, mindfulness training (MT) has shown evidence of enhancing cognitive function, yet mixed results regarding its cognitive benefits are observed, suggesting more rigorous investigation is needed to comprehensively evaluate the potential of MT in bolstering cognitive function. A thorough examination of previous literature reveals an unclear mechanism of action by which MT exerts its beneficial effects on cognitive function, as most MT studies have examined cognitive function with only few narrowly focused tasks, and without a coherent theoretical framework that can systematically explain potential cognitive improvement and their relation to brain functional changes. Further, the importance of individual difference factors that are likely to moderate or mediate intervention effects has been largely neglected by previous research, adding another source of ambiguity to the existing literature. The current project aims to address these critical research gaps in order to accurately evaluate MT effects on cognitive function and their neural mechanisms, while considering the role of individual differences in influencing intervention effectiveness. Thus, Aim 1 will exploit novel and advanced network neuroscience approaches to investigate the neural mechanisms of MT at the level of large-scale brain networks, since the intervention can be construed as ‘attention state’ training that induces state-related changes, which may be best captured at the level of functional networks, instead of isolated regions. Aim 2 will rigorously examine cognitive effects of MT with a more comprehensive and theoretically-targeted task battery developed based on existing cognitive control framework and will also investigate whether individual differences in trait measures of mindfulness could influence the magnitude of cognitive improvement. Aim 3 will test whether the extent of alteration in brain network integration will predict the magnitude of training-related improvement in cognitive function, strengthening the mechanistic link between MT effects on brain function and behavior. The project will involve a powerful discordant twin and longitudinal design, which will be the first MT study that utilizes such a design, in order to reduce potentially confounding control-group differences (monozygotic twins share the same genes) and allow for stronger causal inferences on the mechanisms and effects of MT than in previous studies that used poorly matched controls or no controls. The results of this project will have far-reaching impacts on the development and optimization of MT to further bolster its benefits, and on the implementation of such intervention in populations with deficits in cognitive function.

项目摘要(摘要) 改善认知功能对个人福祉和日常功能至关重要，因为认知功能下降在健康老龄化人口和精神障碍患者中很常见，给公共医疗保健带来了巨大的经济负担。作为一种系统地培养注意力和自我控制能力的干预措施，正念训练(MT)已经显示出增强认知功能的证据，但关于其认知益处的结果喜忧参半，这表明需要更严格的调查来全面评估MT在增强认知功能方面的潜力。对以往文献的深入研究发现，MT对认知功能的作用机制尚不清楚，因为大多数MT研究都是通过少数狭隘的任务来考察认知功能，并且没有一个连贯的理论框架来系统地解释潜在的认知改善及其与脑功能变化的关系。此外，先前的研究在很大程度上忽略了可能缓和或调节干预效果的个体差异因素的重要性，这为现有文献增加了另一个含糊不清的来源。目前的项目旨在解决这些关键的研究空白，以便准确评估MT对认知功能的影响及其神经机制，同时考虑个体差异在影响干预效果中的作用。因此，Aim 1将利用新颖和先进的网络神经科学方法在大规模脑网络水平上研究MT的神经机制，因为干预可以被解释为诱导状态相关变化的‘注意力状态’训练，这种变化可能最好在功能网络水平上捕捉，而不是孤立的区域。目标2将在现有认知控制框架的基础上，通过更全面和更有理论针对性的任务组合来严格检验MT的认知效应，并将调查正念特质测量的个体差异是否会影响认知进步的幅度。目的3将测试大脑网络整合的改变程度是否可以预测与训练相关的认知功能改善的幅度，从而加强MT对大脑功能和行为之间的机制联系。该项目将涉及一个强大的不协调双胞胎和纵向设计，这将是第一个利用这种设计的MT研究，以减少潜在的混杂的控制组差异(同卵双胞胎共享相同的基因)，并允许对MT的机制和影响进行更强的因果推断，而不是以前使用匹配较差的对照或没有对照的研究。该项目的成果将对MT的开发和优化以进一步增强其益处，以及对认知功能缺陷人群实施此类干预产生深远的影响。