Achieving Direct Functional Imaging of Brain Electrophysiology: Nanofabricated Cell-sized Electronic Sensors for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

实现脑电生理学的直接功能成像：用于磁共振成像的纳米制造细胞大小的电子传感器

• 批准号: 10001896
• 负责人: Aviad Hai
• 金额: $ 227.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10001896
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Award; Blood flow; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cell Size; Cognition; Communication; Detection; Development; Devices; Electrodes; Electromagnetics; Electrophysiology (science); Engineering; Epilepsy; Event; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Image; Implant; In Situ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methods; Microelectrodes; Monitor; Neurons; Noise; Optics; Patients; Physiology; Principal Investigator; Quadriplegia; Quality of life; Resolution; Rodent; Signal Transduction; Technology; Tissues; Validation; Wireless Technology; brain volume; imaging probe; improved; innovation; magnetic field; minimally invasive; nanofabrication; nanoscale; neurophysiology; neurotransmission; novel; relating to nervous system; response; sensor; technology validation

Project Summary There is currently a surging effort to develop the necessary technologies for recording neural activity from the entire volume of the brain in parallel. A whole-brain direct readout of neural signals will be critical to understanding the elusive cross-regional communication grid underlying brain function and dysfunction. The overall goal of this new innovator award is the development and application of a new form of brain imaging us- ing electromagnetic circuits that can be deployed throughout the brain and provide parallel volumetric electro- physiological readouts of neural activity. The project relies on recent advances made by the principal investiga- tor, demonstrating the use of tetherless microelectronic neural interfaces that transduce neurophysiological events wirelessly to detectable magnetic field perturbations, and are monitored by functional magnetic reson- ance imaging (fMRI). By combining the unique three-dimensional capabilities of fMRI to obtain functional rea- douts from the entire volume of the brain, with electromagnetic probes—that are able to directly record electro- physiological neural activity in-situ and transmit its response to the MRI hardware—this project is aiming to transform the way we acquire brain signals. We will use novel nanofabrication methods to pioneer cell-sized wireless probes, while employing existing state-of-the-art MRI-compatible microelectrode arrays in rodents for rigorous validation of the technology and to decouple the electrophysiogical readouts from intrinsic fMRI blood flow signals. The engineering advances that occurred in recent years have propelled the capabilities of both electrical and optical implantable probes for brain recording, achieving nanometer scale spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and temporal response, and increasingly favorable tissue-device interactions. Implantable electrode array devices provide us with multiplexed recordings of electrical signals from tens or hundreds of neurons with high spatial precision at the cellular level. These devices have been successfully implanted in human patients for the treatment and monitoring of epilepsy and to improve quality of life for tetraplegic pa- tients. The neuroelectronic fMRI probes that will be developed under the umbrella of this award will greatly augment these capabilities. Firstly, by presenting a different approach whereby minimally invasive devices are powered by the MRI scanner itself and do not require bulky on-board power, and secondly, by interacting with the imaging scanner to transmit electrical neural activity to the detection hardware outside of the brain with no requirement for a tethered connection. The sensors will be used to directly detect electrical neural activity in three dimensions, and will help pave the way towards tracing the cross-regional origins of both normal and ab- normal brain physiology.

项目摘要 目前有一个激增的努力，以开发必要的技术，记录神经活动 从大脑的整个体积中平行地提取。全脑直接读出神经信号将是至关重要的， 了解大脑功能和功能障碍背后难以捉摸的跨区域通信网格。的 这项新的创新奖的总体目标是开发和应用一种新的大脑成像形式， 可以部署在整个大脑中的电磁电路，并提供并行的体积电， 神经活动的生理读数该项目依赖于最近取得的进展，由主要赞助商- tor，演示了无系绳微电子神经接口的使用， 事件无线到可检测的磁场扰动，并通过功能磁共振监测， 功能磁共振成像（fMRI）。通过结合功能磁共振成像独特的三维功能， 从大脑的整个体积，与电磁探针，能够直接记录电， 生理神经活动，并将其响应传输到MRI硬件-该项目旨在 改变我们获取大脑信号的方式。我们将使用新的纳米制造方法， 无线探头，同时采用现有的最先进的MRI兼容微电极阵列在啮齿动物， 严格验证该技术，并将电生理读数与固有fMRI血液分离 流量信号近年来发生的工程进步推动了两者的能力 用于大脑记录的电子和光学植入式探针，实现纳米级空间分辨率，高 信噪比和时间响应，以及越来越有利的组织-器械相互作用。可植入 电极阵列装置为我们提供了来自数十或数百个电极的电信号的多路复用记录。 在细胞水平上具有高空间精度的神经元。这些装置已成功植入 用于治疗和监测癫痫并改善四肢瘫痪患者的生活质量， tients。将在该奖项的保护伞下开发的神经电子功能磁共振成像探针将大大 增强这些能力。首先，通过提出一种不同的方法， 由MRI扫描仪本身供电，不需要庞大的板载电源，其次，通过与 成像扫描仪将电神经活动传输到大脑外部的检测硬件， 要求有一个连接。传感器将用于直接检测电神经活动， 三个方面，并将有助于为追踪正常和ab的跨区域起源铺平道路。 正常的大脑生理