Personality and Dementia: Mechanisms and Trajectories

人格与痴呆：机制和轨迹

• 批准号: 10030484
• 负责人: Antonio Terracciano
• 金额: $ 62.36万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10030484
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer’s disease biomarker; Amyloid beta-Protein; Autopsy; Baltimore; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Biological Process; Brain; Brain Pathology; Brain region; Buffers; Cardiovascular system; Caregivers; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Dementia; Development; Diagnosis; Dimensions; Disease; Disease Progression; Emotional; Etiology; Evolution; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Goals; Health; Hydrocortisone; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Inflammation; Intervention; Lead; Life Style; Loneliness; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Neurobiology; Neurotic Disorders; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Traits; Phase; Physical Function; Physiological; Prospective Studies; Psychological Factors; Psychopathology; Public Health; Research; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Risk Factors; Running; Smoking; Testing; Time; Work; age related; apolipoprotein E-4; base; cognitive change; cognitive reserve; comparative; dementia risk; depressive symptoms; effective intervention; follow-up; human old age (65+); in vivo; innovation; mild cognitive impairment; neuropathology; physical inactivity; prospective; protective effect; psychosocial; resilience; trait; white matter; β-amyloid burden

Summary/Abstract Cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, and physical functioning are profoundly impacted by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. AD poses enormous public health and societal challenges, and the number of affected individuals is expected to rise if an effective intervention to stop or at least slow AD progression is not found. Research on the biological and psychosocial mechanisms that lead to dementia is essential to identify appropriate targets for interventions. The scientific premise of the proposed study is based on robust evidence for an association between long-standing personality traits and dementia-related outcomes. The mechanisms through which these traits lead to cognitive changes, however, are not well understood. Furthermore, with the onset and progression of AD, personality turns from a risk factor to a clinical sign of the disease, but the timing and trajectory of such changes are not well understood. By integrating multiple theoretical perspectives (five- factor model, lifespan models of personality and health, pathoplastic approaches to psychopathology, and cognitive reserve), the proposed research will test three innovative aims. The first aim is to advance a mechanistic understanding of the association between personality and dementia. We will test neurobiological (e.g., MRI brain region volumes and white matter integrity), physiological (e.g., cortisol and cardiovascular burden), behavioral (e.g., physical inactivity and smoking), and psychosocial (e.g., depressive symptoms and loneliness) factors in the pathway from personality to cognitive decline and dementia. The second aim is to test whether personality uncouples AD neuropathology from clinical dementia: We expect that, in the presence of neuropathological changes, a resilient personality profile (low neuroticism, high conscientiousness) will delay the time to onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. The third aim is to identify the timing and trajectory of personality change during the prodromal phase of AD and related dementias. To address the study aims, we will leverage data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). This ongoing prospective study include measures of the five major personality traits, along with in-depth assessments of relevant risk factors and AD biomarkers, and they involve long-term follow-ups (up to 40 years of serial assessments of personality in the BLSA). By leveraging rich prospective data, the proposed project will identify the biological and psychosocial mechanisms that underlie personality-based vulnerability and resilience to dementia and identify inflection points for personality change in the earliest symptomatic phase of the disease.

摘要/摘要 认知，情感，人际和身体机能受到阿尔茨海默氏病的深刻影响 （AD）和相关痴呆症。广告构成了巨大的公共卫生和社会挑战，以及 如果有效的干预措施停止或至少不是AD的进展不是 成立。研究导致痴呆的生物学和社会心理机制对于识别至关重要 适当的干预目标。拟议研究的科学前提是基于强大的证据 为了长期存在性格特征与痴呆相关的结果之间的关联。机制 然而，通过这些特征导致认知变化的特征尚未得到充分理解。此外，与 AD的发作和进展，个性从危险因素转变为疾病的临床标志，但时间安排 这种变化的轨迹尚不清楚。通过整合多种理论观点（五 因素模型，人格与健康的寿命模型，心理病理学的病理学方法以及 认知储备），拟议的研究将测试三个创新目标。第一个目的是促进 对个性与痴呆症之间关联的机械理解。我们将测试神经生物学 （例如，MRI脑区域量和白质完整性），生理学（例如皮质醇和心血管 负担），行为（例如，身体不活动和吸烟）和社会心理（例如，抑郁症状和 孤独感）从人格到认知能力下降和痴呆症的道路上的因素。第二个目的是测试 个性是否从临床痴呆中解脱出AD神经病理学：我们希望在存在的情况下 神经病理学的变化，一种弹性的人格概况（低神经，尽责）将延迟 轻度认知障碍（MCI）和痴呆症发作的时间。第三个目的是确定时间和轨迹 在AD和相关痴呆症的前驱阶段，人格变化的变化。为了解决研究目的，我们 将利用巴尔的摩衰老纵向研究（BLSA）的数据。这项正在进行的前瞻性研究包括 五个主要人格特征的衡量标准，以及对相关风险因素和AD的深入评估 生物标志物，它们涉及长期随访（多达40年的人格序列评估 blsa）。通过利用丰富的潜在数据，该项目将确定生物学和社会心理 基于人格的脆弱性和对痴呆症的韧性的机制并确定拐点 在最早的疾病阶段中的人格变化。