Remediation of Perfluorinated Chemicals in Water Using Novel High-Affinity Polymer Adsorbents

摘要 全氟和多氟烷基有毒物质对饮用水资源的普遍污染 全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）等全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）已成为一种主要的 影响美国数百万人的健康危机。 污染物及其与严重健康风险的既定联系，安全，高效和成本- 开发有效的PFAS修复技术，可以消除美国的这些污染物。 供水。虽然全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸是研究最广泛的两种全氟辛烷磺酸， PFAS也在12岁以上的美国人的血清中进行了测量。目前，美国 环境保护局有一个不可强制执行的终身健康咨询指南，为万亿分之70 (ppt)，仅适用于PFOA和PFOS的组合。然而，面对越来越大的压力， 为了解决PFAS污染问题，许多国家已经采取行动解决PFAS危机，提出了低 作为10 ppt的单个PFAS和更广泛类别的PFAS。尽管不同的技术 探讨了PFAS污染水体的修复，使用活性炭或离子吸附法， 交换树脂仍然是最广泛使用的方法。这些吸附剂也具有良好的表现， 缺点如天然有机物和/或其它水基质成分造成的严重污染， 能源密集型或困难的再生过程，限制了它们的可重复使用性和寿命。CycloPure正在开发 一种新型的环糊精基聚合物吸附剂，对PFAS具有高亲和力， 迫切需要一种高度可扩展的、具有成本效益的方法来消除饮用水供应中的PFAS。期间 在第一阶段，确定了一种有前途的方法，用于开发环糊精聚合物（品牌 作为DEXSORB+）有效对抗各种PFAS，结合了静电和疏水性 在独特设计的结构中相互作用。在第二阶段的申请中，我们将继续努力开发 优化具有快速吸收动力学和高PFAS吸附能力的DEXSORB+聚合物， 系统地研究和了解地下水基质对PFAS吸附性能的影响， 再生吸附剂的能力。我们还将致力于制定粒度控制策略 然后进行小规模柱测试以模拟全规模处理过程。这些活动 将为我们在进行中试研究之前的操作条件提供指导。

Abstract The pervasive contamination of drinking water resources by toxic per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), has emerged as a major health crisis affecting millions of people across the U.S. Given the environmental persistence of these contaminants and their established linkage to serious health risks, it is imperative that safe, efficient, and cost- effective PFAS remediation technologies be developed that can eliminate these contaminants from the U.S. water supplies. While PFOA and PFOS have been the two of the most widely studied PFASs, twelve other PFASs have also been measured in the blood serum of Americans over the age of twelve. Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has a non-enforceable Lifetime Health Advisory guideline of 70 parts per trillion (ppt), which applies only to the combination of PFOA and PFOS. However, faced with growing pressure to address PFAS contamination, numerous States have acted to address the PFAS crisis, proposing limits as low as 10 ppt of individual PFASs and for a broader class of PFASs. Although different technologies have been explored for remediation of PFAS-contaminated water, adsorption-based methods using activated carbon or ion- exchange resins remain the most widely used approach. These adsorbents also have well-demonstrated shortcomings such as significant fouling by natural organic matter and/or other water matrix constituents and energy-intensive or difficult regeneration process that limits their reusability and lifetime. CycloPure is developing a novel class of cyclodextrin-based polymer adsorbents with high affinity for PFASs in order to address the urgent need for a highly-scalable, cost-effective method to eliminate PFASs from drinking water supplies. During the Phase I period, a promising approach was identified for the development of cyclodextrin polymers (branded as DEXSORB+) effective against a broad range of PFASs, that combines both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in a uniquely designed structure. In this Phase II application, we will continue our efforts to develop and optimize DEXSORB+ polymers with fast uptake kinetics and high adsorption capacities for PFASs and investigate and understand groundwater matrix effects systematically on PFAS adsorption performance and the ability to regenerate the adsorbent. We will also dedicate efforts to develop strategies for particle size control and then perform small-scale column testing in order to simulate a full-scale treatment process. These activities will provide us guidance on the operational conditions prior to moving onto pilot-scale studies.