Substance Use among Biracial Adolescents and Emerging Adults: The Double Jeopardy Hypothesis

项目总结 混血人口是美国增长第二快的人口群体。混血青少年 也有更高的使用药物的风险，以及暴力行为、学校问题和糟糕的身体和 他们的心理健康状况比许多独居的同龄人要好。然而，人们对预防药物使用知之甚少。 以及对这一人群的干预。从历史上看，混血青年要么在研究中被忽视，要么在他们的 许多亚群被合并成一个单一的“多种族”类别，这在临床上可能是模糊的 相关模式。此外，没有公认的模型可以解释增加或降低风险的因素。 混血青年中的物质使用情况。在拟议的研究过程中所做的发现将会有所帮助 加快完善针对混血青少年的现有预防和干预方案，并 并将加快将其调查结果转化为公共卫生实践。 我们建议研究四个亚群的混血青年，我们先前的研究已经表明 使用药物的风险最高，即混血白人-美国印第安人、白人-亚洲人、白人-黑人和白人- 西班牙裔青年。在这样做的同时，我们还将测试一个新开发的模型，即双重危险假设，即 我们建议解释两种物质的使用模式。根据这一模型，混血个体经历了 不仅是药物使用的常见危险因素，单身青年也有这种危险因素，而且 在美国，混血儿独有的第二组风险。 这项研究利用了来自两个具有全国代表性的大型纵向数据库的现有数据 包括足够数量的混血人以允许样本可分成亚组的数据库， 以及健康的社会决定因素的多种衡量标准(例如，感知到的歧视、种族 社交)、物质使用以及其他行为和身体结果。第一个，监控未来， 跟踪调查了从初中/高中到55岁的学生。第二，国家纵向 青春期和成人健康研究，跟踪调查了11岁至42岁的学生。 在将两个数据集整合后，使用综合数据分析来研究青少年和新兴 13-25岁的成年人(目标1)，我们将确定该病的发病、流行和发展轨迹 从青春期到成年期间的药物使用(即香烟、酒精、大麻和多种药物的使用) (13-25岁)(目标2)。最后，我们将探讨共同的和独特的风险与保护因素的关系 (在个人、家庭、同伴、学校和社区领域)在混血青少年中使用物质 和新兴成年人，检验提出的双重危险假说(目标3)的证据。 研究结果将为研究不足但迅速采取更有效和更具包容性的预防方法提供参考 发展中的部门。如果是正确的，双重危险假说将提供对生活经验的洞察 混血青少年和初出茅庐的成年人，形成了未来对一系列成果进行研究的框架。

PROJECT SUMMARY The biracial population is the second-fastest growing demographic group in the US. Biracial adolescents also have higher risks of substance use as well as violent behavior, school problems, and poor physical and mental health than many of their monoracial peers. However, little is known about substance use prevention and interventions in this population. Historically, biracial youth have been either ignored in research or their many subgroups have been combined into a single “multiracial” category, potentially obscuring clinically relevant patterns. Moreover, no accepted model explains the factors that increase or decrease the risk of substance use among biracial youth. Discoveries made during the course of the proposed research will help accelerate the refinement of existing prevention and intervention programs for biracial adolescents and emerging adults, and will speed translation of its findings into public health practice. We propose to study the 4 subgroups of biracial youth that our prior research has shown to have the highest risk of substance use, namely biracial White-American Indian, White-Asian, White-Black, and White- Hispanic youth. In doing so, we will also test a newly developed model, the Double Jeopardy Hypothesis, that we propose to explain biracial substance use patterns. According to this model, biracial individuals experience not only the common risk factors for substance use, which are also experienced by monoracial youth but also a second set of risks unique to being biracial in America. This study takes advantage of existing data from two large, longitudinal and nationally representative databases that include adequate numbers of biracial persons to allow the sample to be divisible into subgroups, as well as multiple measures of social determinants of health (e.g., perceived discrimination, racial socialization), substance use, and other behavioral and physical outcomes. The first, Monitoring the Future, followed students from middle-/high-school through age 55 years. The second, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, followed students from age 11 to 42 years. After integrating the two datasets using integrative data analysis to study adolescents and emerging adults ages 13-25 years old (Aim 1), we will determine the onset, prevalence, and developmental trajectories of substance use (i.e., cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and polydrug use) from adolescence to emerging adulthood (ages 13-25) (Aim 2). Last, we will explore the relationships of common and unique risk and protective factors (in the individual, family, peer, school, and community domains) for substance use among biracial adolescents and emerging adults, examining evidence for the proposed Double Jeopardy Hypothesis (Aim 3). Findings will inform more effective and inclusive prevention approaches for an understudied but rapidly growing sector. If accurate, the Double Jeopardy Hypothesis will provide insight into the lived experience of biracial adolescents and emerging adults, forming a framework for future research on a range of outcomes.