Substance Use Trajectories and Health Outcomes for Monoracial and Biracial Blacks

单种族和混血黑人的药物使用轨迹和健康结果

• 批准号: 8565717
• 负责人: Trenette Clark Goings
• 金额: $ 16.58万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-15 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8565717
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Africa; African; African American; Age; Age of Onset; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; American; American Indians; Applications Grants; Asians; Behavior; Caribbean region; Censuses; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Data; Development; Educational workshop; Environment; Epidemiology; Etiology; Family; Funding; Goals; Growth; Health; Hispanics; Individual; Injury; Investigation; K-Series Research Career Programs; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Marijuana Smoking; Mental Health; Mentors; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peer Review; Phase; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention program; Primary Prevention; Process; Psychosocial Factor; Race; Reading; Research; Research Personnel; Risk Factors; Sampling; Schools; Science; Socioeconomic Status; Staging; Stress; Structural Models; Subgroup; Substance Addiction; Surveys; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Variant; Violence; Youth; adolescent substance use; black subgroup; career; career development; coping; design; experience; health disparity; high risk; meetings; peer; phrases; programs; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial discrimination; racism; research study; response; skills; social; substance use prevention; trend; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of the proposed Mentored Career Development Award (K01) is to provide me with intensive research career development training under the guidance of successful NIH-funded sponsors that will lead me to research independence. The proposed research study centers on elucidating the pathways to substance use among monoracial and biracial Black adolescents and young adults. Increasingly, substance use researchers refer to the catch-up effect to explain a paradoxical trend among Blacks in which lower rates of substance use in adolescence do not predict lower rates of substance use in adulthood. Although Black adolescents use substances at substantially lower rates than their White peers, by young adulthood the rates of substance use among Blacks catch up to or surpass the rates of Whites. This catch-up effect contributes to high rates of adverse social and health outcomes among Blacks. Understanding the catch-up effect is hindered by the normative practice of treating Blacks as a homogeneous group. Notably, as used for the US Census, "Black" includes African Americans, Africans, Afro- Caribbean's, and biracial Blacks-but without regard for different sociocultural experiences that might affect substance use. Thus, such aggregation likely obscures important between-group differences. Indeed, my preliminary research suggests a single substance use trajectory is wholly inadequate for either describing or predicting the pathways to substance use found among monoracial and various biracial Black subgroups. Excluding my preliminary findings, no research has examined predictors of substance use trajectories among de-aggregated samples of biracial Black youth. Hence, the proposed study seeks to address these knowledge gaps. It will reveal which subgroups are most vulnerable to the catch-up effect and which factors are critical determinants of substance use among monoracial and biracial Black subgroups during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. This study proposes to use data obtained from two nationally representative studies: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and National Survey of American Life: Coping with Stress in the 21st Century (NSAL). This K01 seeks to 1) describe the developmental trajectories of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among the monoracial groups (Black, Hispanic, and White) and two major biracial Black subgroups (Black-Hispanic, Black-White) during ages 11 to 34 years, which is a high-risk period for onset of substance use. Further, the K01 will 2) assess the relationships among socioeconomic status, experiences of racism, and individual/cultural, family, peer, school, and neighborhood factors and substance use (cross-sectional) and developmental trajectories of substance use (longitudinal) among monoracial and biracial Black adolescents and young adults. The proposed study is an integral component to a comprehensive training program designed to enhance my research skills; I have developed this program with the direction of an interdisciplinary team of expert mentors who will provide guidance throughout my K01 research. The proposed study advances my career goal of becoming a leading independent researcher focused on health disparities and the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of substance use and dependence among racial/ethnic minorities, especially Black and biracial adolescents and young adults. My immediate career objectives in this K01 include developing greater expertise in developmental science, cultural factors, and health disparities; acquiring advanced methodological skills; conducting research that builds on my preliminary findings; disseminating my findings via peer- reviewed articles; presenting at national meetings; and preparing a grant application that will move my research to its next phase. I will achieve these goals by capitalizing on the exceptionally rich research environments at UNC and Duke University; acquiring knowledge through workshops, directed readings, and coursework; and conducting research under the guidance of my sponsors and advisors. The proposed research represents an unparalleled opportunity to develop an understanding of the pathways to substance use for specific biracial Black subgroups. Further, this research will contribute to the understanding of the etiology of substance use, the catch-up effect, and related health disparities among Blacks, and enhance prevention efforts. In the final stages of this K01, I will submit a R01 proposal that expands the scope of the investigation to examine the full range of de-aggregated biracial groups (e.g., American Indian-White, Asian-Hispanic) to determine whether, as suggested by some preliminary evidence, biracialism is a general risk factor for substance use behaviors or whether high risk for substance use is found among some biracial groups but not in others. In addition, the R01 study will examine concurrent and longer- term social and health correlates of substance use trajectories among biracial groups.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的指导职业发展奖（K01）的总体目的是在成功的NIH资助的赞助商的指导下为我提供强化的研究职业发展培训，这将使我获得研究独立性。拟议的研究集中于阐明单种族和混血儿黑人青少年和年轻人之间使用物质使用的途径。 越来越多的药物使用研究人员是指结尾效应，以解释黑人的悖论趋势，在这种黑人中，青春期较低的物质使用率不会预测成年后的物质使用率较低。尽管黑人青少年使用的物质的速度大大低于白人同龄人，但成年后，黑人的物质使用率赶上或超过了白人的速度。这种追赶效应有助于黑人之间高度不利的社会和健康成果。 将黑人视为同质群体的规范实践阻碍了理解追赶效应。值得注意的是，正如美国人口普查所用的那样，“黑人”包括非洲裔美国人，非洲人，非洲加勒比海和混血儿黑人，但不考虑可能影响药物使用的不同社会文化经验。因此，这种聚合可能掩盖了重要的组间差异。实际上，我的初步研究表明，单一物质使用轨迹完全不足以描述或预测单种群和各种混血儿黑人亚组中发现物质使用的途径。除了我的初步发现外，没有研究检查了混血黑人青年样本中物质使用轨迹的预测指标。因此，拟议的研究试图解决这些知识差距。它将揭示哪些亚组最容易受到追捕效应的影响，哪些因素是从青春期到年轻成年期过渡期间单种族和混血儿亚组中物质使用的关键决定因素。 这项研究建议使用从两项全国代表性研究中获得的数据：青少年健康的国家纵向研究（ADD健康）和美国对美国生活的调查：应对21世纪的压力（NSAL）。该K01寻求1）描述单种族群体（黑人，西班牙裔和白人）中使用香烟，酒精和大麻使用的发育轨迹，以及两个在11至34岁之间的混血儿黑人亚组（黑人 - 希斯甲裔，黑白），这是一种高风险的使用物质使用的时期。此外，K01将2）评估社会经济地位，种族主义的经验以及个人/文化，家庭，同伴，学校以及邻里因素以及使用物质（横断面）以及毒品使用（纵向）的发展轨迹（纵向）在单纯性和Biracial黑人黑人青少年和年轻人中。 拟议的研究是旨在提高我的研究技能的综合培训计划不可或缺的组成部分。我已经开发了这个计划，由跨学科的专家导师团队的方向发展，他们将在我的K01研究中提供指导。拟议中的研究促进了我成为一名专注于健康差异的领先独立研究人员的职业目标，以及在种族/族裔少数民族（尤其是黑人和混血儿青少年）和年轻人中，在种族/族裔少数民族中的流行病学，病因和预防使用和依赖性。我在这本K01中的直接职业目标包括在发展科学，文化因素和健康差异方面发展更多的专业知识；获得先进的方法论技巧；进行基于我的初步发现的研究；通过同行评审的文章传播我的发现；在国家会议上举行；并准备将我的研究转移到下一阶段的赠款应用程序。我将通过利用UNC和杜克大学非常丰富的研究环境来实现这些目标；通过研讨会，有导阅读和课程获得知识；并在我的赞助商和顾问的指导下进行研究。 拟议的研究代表了一个无与伦比的机会，可以理解对特定混血儿黑人亚组的物质使用途径的理解。此外，这项研究将有助于理解黑人物质使用，追赶效应以及相关健康差异的病因，并加强预防努力。在本K01的最后阶段中，我将提交一项R01建议，扩大调查的范围，以检查全部范围内的de侵犯群体（例如，美国印第安人 - 白人，亚洲人，西班牙裔）确定某些初步危险的使用是一种普遍的风险因素，但是否有一般的风险使用，而对某些情况的使用是否具有替代品，是否是对某些情况的使用，是否对某些情况进行了使用，是否是对某些情况的使用，还是对某些情况进行了confients condiestion，而对某些情况的使用是否存在，则是对某些情况的使用是否存在替代品。此外，R01研究将研究混血群体中物质使用轨迹的并发和长期的社会和健康相关性。