Substance Use among Biracial Adolescents and Emerging Adults: The Double Jeopardy Hypothesis

项目摘要 双胞胎人口是美国增长第二快的人口群体。双胞胎青少年 也有较高的风险，物质使用以及暴力行为，学校的问题，和不良的身体和 心理健康状况比许多单身的同龄人要好。然而，人们对物质使用预防知之甚少 和干预措施。从历史上看，双胞胎青年要么在研究中被忽视，要么在研究中被忽视。 许多亚组被合并为一个单一的"多种族"类别，可能会混淆临床 相关模式。此外，没有公认的模型可以解释增加或减少风险的因素。 青少年吸毒问题。在拟议的研究过程中取得的发现将有助于 加快完善现有的预防和干预计划，为birthurgent青少年， 新的成年人，并将加快其研究结果转化为公共卫生实践。 我们建议研究4个亚组的birabetus青年，我们以前的研究已经表明， 物质使用风险最高，即白人-美洲印第安人、白人-亚洲人、白人-黑人和白色- 西班牙裔青年在此过程中，我们还将测试一个新开发的模型，双重危险假设， 我们建议解释生物活性物质的使用模式。根据这个模型，双胞胎个体的经验 吸毒的共同危险因素不仅是单身青年也经历过的， 第二种风险是在美国出生的婴儿所特有的。 这项研究利用了两个大型的、纵向的和全国性的代表性的现有数据。 包括足够数量的混血儿的数据库，以便将样本分为子组， 以及健康的社会决定因素的多种测量（例如，种族歧视 社会化）、物质使用以及其他行为和身体结果。第一，监测未来， 从初中/高中到55岁的学生。第二，全国纵向 青少年和成人健康研究，跟踪学生从11岁到42岁。 在整合两个数据集后，使用综合数据分析来研究青少年和新兴的 13 - 25岁的成年人（目标1），我们将确定发病，患病率和发展轨迹， 物质使用（即，香烟、酒精、大麻和多种药物使用），从青春期到成年期 (ages（目标2）。最后，我们将探讨共同和独特的风险和保护因素的关系 (in个人、家庭、同伴、学校和社区领域）对双胞胎青少年药物使用的影响 和新兴的成年人，检查提出的双重危险假设（目标3）的证据。 调查结果将为研究不足但迅速发展的更有效和包容性的预防方法提供信息。 成长部门。如果准确的话，双重危险假设将提供对生活经验的洞察力， 这是一个关于双胞胎青少年和新生儿的研究，为今后关于一系列结果的研究形成了一个框架。

PROJECT SUMMARY The biracial population is the second-fastest growing demographic group in the US. Biracial adolescents also have higher risks of substance use as well as violent behavior, school problems, and poor physical and mental health than many of their monoracial peers. However, little is known about substance use prevention and interventions in this population. Historically, biracial youth have been either ignored in research or their many subgroups have been combined into a single “multiracial” category, potentially obscuring clinically relevant patterns. Moreover, no accepted model explains the factors that increase or decrease the risk of substance use among biracial youth. Discoveries made during the course of the proposed research will help accelerate the refinement of existing prevention and intervention programs for biracial adolescents and emerging adults, and will speed translation of its findings into public health practice. We propose to study the 4 subgroups of biracial youth that our prior research has shown to have the highest risk of substance use, namely biracial White-American Indian, White-Asian, White-Black, and White- Hispanic youth. In doing so, we will also test a newly developed model, the Double Jeopardy Hypothesis, that we propose to explain biracial substance use patterns. According to this model, biracial individuals experience not only the common risk factors for substance use, which are also experienced by monoracial youth but also a second set of risks unique to being biracial in America. This study takes advantage of existing data from two large, longitudinal and nationally representative databases that include adequate numbers of biracial persons to allow the sample to be divisible into subgroups, as well as multiple measures of social determinants of health (e.g., perceived discrimination, racial socialization), substance use, and other behavioral and physical outcomes. The first, Monitoring the Future, followed students from middle-/high-school through age 55 years. The second, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, followed students from age 11 to 42 years. After integrating the two datasets using integrative data analysis to study adolescents and emerging adults ages 13-25 years old (Aim 1), we will determine the onset, prevalence, and developmental trajectories of substance use (i.e., cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and polydrug use) from adolescence to emerging adulthood (ages 13-25) (Aim 2). Last, we will explore the relationships of common and unique risk and protective factors (in the individual, family, peer, school, and community domains) for substance use among biracial adolescents and emerging adults, examining evidence for the proposed Double Jeopardy Hypothesis (Aim 3). Findings will inform more effective and inclusive prevention approaches for an understudied but rapidly growing sector. If accurate, the Double Jeopardy Hypothesis will provide insight into the lived experience of biracial adolescents and emerging adults, forming a framework for future research on a range of outcomes.