Sleep Duration Required to Restore Performance during Chronic Sleep Restriction

 描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的目的有两个方面：（1）为Klerman博士提供受保护的时间和支持，同时她指导本科生、研究生和医学生、博士后研究员和初级教师从事以患者为导向的研究（POR），并增强她在POR方面的能力;（2）进行与慢性睡眠限制对作业和睡眠影响相关的POR。Klerman博士积极参与以患者为导向的实验工作和数学分析和建模，将研究成果转化为现实世界的应用。 数以百万计的美国人每晚的睡眠时间通常少于6小时，这一数量不足以维持健康的生理功能，并记录了新陈代谢，免疫功能，激素，情绪和表现/警觉性的异常。慢性睡眠不足使人容易出现注意力缺失、错误和事故。睡眠不足对表现的影响在生物（昼夜节律）夜晚很明显，特别是当昼夜节律与睡眠-觉醒时间表不同步时，这可能发生在15%的美国人中，他们参与轮班工作。我们最近证明，睡眠限制影响大脑中至少两种不同的调节过程， 不同的时间尺度来影响性能。一个短期的过程需要几个小时，并且可以在一次长时间的睡眠中迅速恢复。一个长期的过程是在几天到几周的有限睡眠中建立起来的，并且有一个更长的恢复过程。然而，我们仍然不知道最近睡眠和觉醒事件的有限持续时间以及整体睡眠：觉醒比率如何影响睡眠不足的短期和长期后果。这是确定适当的应对措施和公共卫生教育的关键信息。实验工作包括20小时的“天”，其中清醒期仅持续15.33小时，但睡眠期持续4.67小时（即，1：3.3睡眠：清醒）与睡眠和清醒在所有（不仅仅是习惯性的）昼夜节律阶段。这种设计，结合从其他非24小时“一天”的研究与睡眠限制的数据的荟萃分析，使量化的重要性，睡眠和觉醒事件的持续时间和昼夜节律的时间在性能递减。 这项工作的结果将使我们能够确定长期睡眠限制的短期和长期后果的动态，以及它们如何与昼夜节律结合联合收割机来确定任何给定时间的表现。重要的是要了解睡眠限制和昼夜节律如何相互作用，以确定性能，以便（i）可以制定轮班规定，以尽量减少与疲劳有关的工业事故和机动车碰撞的机会，（ii）个人可以负责任地计划他们的睡眠。指导工作将解决NHLBI赞助的睡眠和昼夜节律研究人员报告中记录的严重短缺问题。本提案中概述的活动对科学、公共卫生、 工作（Work）情况。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this proposal is two-fold: (1) to provide protected time and support to Dr. Klerman while she mentors undergraduate, graduate and medical students, post-doctoral fellows and junior faculty towards careers in patient-oriented research (POR) and augments her capabilities in POR; and (2) to conduct POR related to the effects of chronic sleep restriction on performance and sleep. Dr. Klerman is actively involved in both patient-oriented experimental work and mathematical analyses and modeling that will enable translation of research results into real-world applications. Millions of Americans routinely sleep less than six hours per night, an amount shown to be insufficient for maintaining healthy physiologic function, with documented abnormalities in metabolism, immune function, hormones, mood and performance/alertness. Chronic sleep deficiency predisposes an individual to attentional lapses, errors and accidents. The effect of sleep deficiency on performance is pronounced during the biological (circadian) night, particularly when circadian rhythms are not synchronized to the sleep-wake schedule, as may occur in the 15 percent of Americans who are involved in shift work. We recently demonstrated that sleep restriction affects at least two different regulatory processes in the brain that act on different time scales to affect performance. A short-term process builds over hours and can be rapidly recovered within one long sleep episode. A long-term process builds over days-to-weeks of restricted sleep and has a longer time course of recovery. However, we remain in the dark as to how the finite durations of recent sleep and wake episodes and the overall sleep:wake ratio affect the short-term and long-term consequences of sleep deficiency. This is key information for determining appropriate counter-measures and public health education. The experimental work includes 20-hr "days" in which the wake episode last only 15.33 hrs but the sleep episode lasts 4.67 hrs (i.e., 1:3.3 sleep:wake) with sleep and wake at all (not just habitual) circadian phases. This design, combined with a meta-analysis of data from other non-24-hr "day" studies with sleep restriction, enables quantification of the importance of sleep and wake episode duration and circadian timing in performance decrements. The results of the proposed work will allow us to determine the dynamics of the short- and long-term consequences of chronic sleep restriction and how they combine with circadian timing to determine performance at any given time. It is important to understand how sleep restriction and circadian timing interact to determine performance so that (i) work shift regulations can be developed to minimize the chances for fatigue-related industrial accidents and motor vehicle crashes and (ii) individuals can responsibly plan their sleep. The mentoring work will address a critical shortage documented in a NHLBI-sponsored report of researchers in sleep and circadian rhythms. The activities outlined in this proposal have implications for science, for public health, and operational (work) situations.