Border ownership and grouping in primate visual cortex

灵长类视觉皮层的边界所有权和分组

• 批准号: 10041675
• 负责人: Tom P. Franken
• 金额: $ 11万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10041675
• 关键词: Area; B-Lymphocytes; Biological; Brain; Calcium; Cells; Characteristics; Complement; Cues; Data; Development Plans; Diagnostic; Disease; Distal; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Etiology; Exhibits; Face; Faculty; Feedback; Functional disorder; G Cells; Genetic; Goals; Grouping; Illusions; Image; Institutes; Interneurons; Link; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Maps; Mediating; Memory; Mentors; Neurologic; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Optics; Ownership; Perception; Primates; Probability; Property; Reading; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Scientist; Side; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Subfamily lentivirinae; Surface; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Testing; Tetanus Helper Peptide; Therapeutic; Time; Training; Viral; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Agnosias; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Work; area V2; area V4; awake; career; career development; cell type; design; excitatory neuron; falls; fluorophore; inhibitory neuron; neural circuit; neurophysiology; neurotransmission; nonhuman primate; orientation selectivity; preference; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; tool; two-photon; visual neuroscience; visual processing

Project Summary/Abstract Making sense of visual scenes requires a correct assignment of the borders that occur between object and background, or between objects, to the foreground object. Macaque visual cortical areas V2, V4 and V1 contain neurons that are selective for border ownership. These cells encode border ownership even if distal visual cues that define which sides of a boundary are object and ground fall far outside of the neuron’s receptive field. This selectivity often persists even when these distal cues disappear, a form of stimulus hysteresis or memory. Prior studies suggest that this border ownership selectivity relies on corticocortical feedback from hypothetical downstream neurons with receptive fields that cover the complete object, termed grouping cells. No prior study has found these hypothesized grouping cells. Thus, though border ownership cells have been found, the neural circuits that endow them with border ownership selectivity remain poorly understood, as does their role in perception. The goals of the proposed research are to determine the micro-organization of border ownership and grouping cells in the macaque visual cortex, and to relate their activity to perceived border ownership. The candidate will use advanced electrophysiological, optophysiological and viral targeting techniques in behaving macaques to achieve these goals. In Aim 1, the candidate will use two-photon calcium imaging to identify border ownership cells and grouping cells, and test specific hypotheses about how they are organized within the columnar layout of macaque Area V4. In Aim 2, the candidate will combine two-photon calcium imaging and viral targeting techniques to distinguish excitatory from inhibitory neurons in V4, and assess their role in border ownership. In Aim 3, the candidate will relate the activity of border ownership and grouping cells in areas V2/V1 and V4 to perception by recording their activity with laminar multielectrodes while reading out perceived border ownership. The candidate has extensive electrophysiological expertise including in behaving non-human primates, but needs training in two-photon calcium imaging and viral approaches, which are the technical goals of the career development plan. The primary mentor is Dr. John Reynolds, a leader in the neurophysiology of visual cortex in behaving macaques. The co-mentor is Dr. Ed Callaway, a pioneer in viral targeting and two- photon imaging in macaques. Both Dr. Reynolds and Dr. Callaway have a strong history of mentoring young scientists and are faculty at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, an institute with a strong history in visual neuroscience. Recent advances in optical recording techniques and viral approaches have enabled high- resolution studies of genetically targeted neurons in functioning neural circuits. Combined with his background in electrophysiology, the additional training will provide the candidate with the expertise that will enable him to launch a successful career as an independent investigator studying the neural basis of visual perception in behaving non-human primates. A deeper understanding of the computations performed in the primate visual cortex is imperative for designing better diagnostic tools and treatments for central visual processing disorders.

项目摘要/摘要 理解视觉场景需要正确分配对象和对象之间发生的边界 背景或对象之间的前景对象。猕猴视觉皮质区域V2，V4和V1包含 对边境所有权有选择性的神经元。这些单元格也编码边框所有权，即使张开的视觉提示 这定义了边界的哪个侧面，地面落在神经元的接受场之外。这 即使这些远端提示消失，选择性也通常仍然存在，即刺激磁滞或记忆的形式。事先的 研究表明，这种边界所有权选择性依赖于假设的皮质皮质反馈 覆盖完整物体的接收场的下游神经元称为分组细胞。没有事先研究 已经发现了这些假设的分组细胞。尽管已经找到了边界所有权单元，但中立 赋予他们边境所有权选择性的圈子仍然对他们的理解保持不佳，他们在 洞察力。拟议的研究的目标是确定边境所有权的微组织 并将猕猴视觉皮层中的细胞分组，并将其活动与感知边界所有权联系起来。这 候选人将在行为中使用先进的电生理，测生理和病毒靶向技术 猕猴以实现这些目标。在AIM 1中，候选人将使用两光子钙成像来识别边界 所有权单元格和分组细胞，并测试有关它们如何组织的特定假设 猕猴区域V4的柱状布局。在AIM 2中，候选人将结合两光子钙成像和病毒 靶向技术以区分兴奋性与V4中的抑制性神经元，并评估其在边界中的作用 所有权。在AIM 3中，候选人将在V2/V1区域将边境所有权和分组的活动联系起来 和V4通过记录层流多电极的活动，同时读取感知到的边界，以感知他们 所有权。候选人具有广泛的电生理专业知识，包括表现非人类 灵长类动物，但需要在两光子钙成像和病毒方法中进行培训，这是技术目标 职业发展计划。主要的心理是约翰·雷诺兹博士，他是神经生理学的领导者 在行为猕猴中的视觉皮层。院长是埃德·卡拉威（Ed Callaway）博士，他是病毒靶向的先驱和两个 猕猴中的光子成像。雷诺兹博士和卡拉威博士都有悠久的年轻历史 科学家，是萨尔克生物学研究所的教师，这是一家具有悠久历史的研究所 神经科学。光学记录技术和病毒方法的最新进展已使高级 在功能性神经元中遗传靶向神经元的分辨率研究。结合他的背景 在电生理学上，额外的培训将为候选人提供专业知识，使他能够 作为一个独立研究者，成功地研究视觉感知的神经基础的职业生涯 行为非人类灵长类动物。对主要视觉中执行的计算的更深入了解 皮质对于设计更好的诊断工具和用于中央视觉处理障碍的治疗方法是必不可少的。