Electronic cigarette use inside of vehicles and associated secondhand and thirdhand exposures

在车内使用电子烟以及相关的二手和三手暴露

• 批准号: 10045614
• 负责人: Eric Kendall Soule
• 金额: $ 43.98万
• 依托单位: EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-07 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10045614
• 关键词: Acetaldehyde; Acrolein; Address; Adult; Aerosols; Airborne Particulate Matter; Behavior; Behavioral; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Concentration measurement; Dangerousness; Data; Deposition; Detection; Devices; Electronic cigarette; Epidemic; Exposure to; Flame Ionization; Flavoring; Formaldehyde; Furans; Gas Chromatography; Generations; Glycerol; Health; Human; Indoor Air Quality; Inhalation; Intervention; Irritants; Laboratories; Laws; Liquid substance; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Measurement; Measures; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Participant; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Persons; Policies; Prevalence; Prevention; Propylene Glycols; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Sampling; Services; Smell Perception; Social Marketing; Surface; Surgeon; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Toxic effect; United States; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; Vegetables; Visit; Youth; box mods; cigarette smoke; cigarette smoking; e-cigarette aerosols; electronic cigarette use; electronic cigarette user; indoor particulate matter; insight; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; mortality; pod mods; portability; prevent; tobacco prevention; toxicant; vape pens; volatile organic compound

Project Summary Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are a diverse class of products that use an electric heater to aerosolize a liquid often containing propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, and chemical flavorants. While the aerosol generated from ECIG use contains lower concentrations of some chemicals found in cigarette smoke, research has demonstrated that ECIG aerosol contains harmful irritants and toxicants including propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, volatile organic chemicals, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, furans, chloropropanols, and tobacco specific nitrosamines. Despite the presence of these compounds in ECIG aerosol, many ECIG users perceive that ECIG use is associated with low harm. As a result, indoor ECIG use around non-ECIG users, including ECIG use inside of vehicles, is common. Research has demonstrated that indoor ECIG use can result in secondhand and thirdhand exposure to chemicals present in ECIG aerosol, but research has yet to examine ECIG use inside of vehicles and if use in this small space results in increased exposures to ECIG generated chemicals. The specific aims of this project are to 1) examine self-reported ECIG use behaviors and perceptions regarding ECIG use inside of vehicles, 2) measure concentrations of chemicals deposited on interior surfaces inside of ECIG users’ vehicles who report ECIG use in their vehicles, and 3) measure particulate matter concentrations inside of ECIG users’ vehicles during active ECIG use. This study will use online survey methods to examine ECIG use behaviors inside of vehicles (e.g., prevalence of ECIG use in vehicles, ECIG use with others in the vehicle, ECIG use with windows up/down, etc.) in a sample of adult current ECIG users. Additionally, ECIG users who report ECIG use inside their vehicles will present for an in person visit with their vehicles. Participants will include users of “pod mod” ECIG devices and “third generation” ECIG devices as well as controls (i.e., non-ECIG users with vehicles where no ECIG or tobacco use occurs). Samples will be collected from the interior surfaces of ECIG users’ vehicles (and control vehicles) and chemical analyses will detect and quantify the presence of chemicals found in ECIG aerosol. ECIG users will then engage in active ECIG use inside of their vehicles including a 10-puff directed bout (one puff every 30 seconds) and 20 minutes where they engage in ECIG use ad libitum. During ECIG use sessions, particulate matter concentrations will be measured inside of the vehicles. Expected results include that ECIG use inside of vehicles will be common among ECIG users and will be associated with high concentrations of chemicals and particulate matter inside of vehicles. These data will increase understanding of the prevalence and types of ECIG use behaviors that occur inside of vehicles as well as the secondhand and thirdhand exposures associated with ECIG use within vehicles by different types of ECIG devices. Successful completion of this project will help to identify the potential risks of ECIG use within vehicles and inform prevention efforts to avoid unwanted harmful exposures to ECIG generated chemicals.

项目摘要 电子香烟（ECIG）是一种使用电加热器使液体雾化的多种产品 通常含有丙二醇、植物甘油、尼古丁和化学香料。当气雾剂 研究表明，使用ECIG产生的烟雾中含有较低浓度的某些化学物质， 已经证明ECIG气雾剂含有有害的刺激物和有毒物质，包括丙二醇， 植物甘油，尼古丁，挥发性有机化学品，甲醛，乙醛，丙烯醛，呋喃， 氯丙醇和烟草特有的亚硝胺。尽管ECIG中存在这些化合物， 气溶胶，许多ECIG使用者认为ECIG的使用与低危害有关。因此，室内ECIG使用 在非ECIG用户周围，包括ECIG在车辆内部的使用，是常见的。研究表明 室内ECIG使用可导致二手和三手接触ECIG气溶胶中存在化学物质， 研究还没有检查ECIG在车辆内部的使用，如果在这个小空间使用， 暴露于ECIG产生的化学物质。该项目的具体目标是：（1）检查自我报告 ECIG使用行为和对ECIG在车内使用的看法，2）测量 沉积在ECIG用户车辆内表面的化学品，这些用户报告在其车辆中使用ECIG， 以及3）在主动ECIG使用期间测量ECIG用户的车辆内部的颗粒物浓度。这 研究将使用在线调查方法来检查ECIG在车辆内的使用行为（例如，之时尚 ECIG在车辆中使用，ECIG与车辆中的其他人一起使用，ECIG与车窗上/下一起使用等）样品中 ECIG的成年用户。此外，报告在其车辆内使用ECIG的ECIG用户将出席 亲自参观他们的车辆。参与者将包括"吊舱式" ECIG设备和"第三代" ECIG设备的用户。 第二代ECIG装置以及控制（即，非ECIG用户的车辆没有ECIG或烟草 使用发生）。将从ECIG用户车辆（和对照车辆）的内表面采集样本 化学分析将检测和量化ECIG气溶胶中存在的化学物质。ECIG用户 然后在其车辆内进行主动ECIG使用，包括10次喷吹定向回合（每30次喷吹一次 20秒）和20分钟，其中他们从事ECIG自由使用。在ECIG使用会话期间，微粒 将在车辆内测量物质浓度。预期结果包括ECIG在 车辆将在ECIG用户中很常见，并将与高浓度的化学品和 车内的颗粒物。这些数据将增加对疾病流行率和类型的了解， ECIG使用发生在车辆内部的行为以及二手和三手暴露 与不同类型ECIG设备在车辆内的ECIG使用相关。成功完成本 该项目将有助于识别车辆内使用ECIG的潜在风险，并为预防工作提供信息，以避免 不必要的有害暴露于ECIG产生的化学物质。

项目成果

Laboratory Determination of Gravimetric Correction Factors for Real-time Area Measurements of Electronic Cigarette Aerosols.

• DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2022.2047152
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research

Evidence of potential tobacco industry influence in Tobacco Regulatory Science.

• DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056752
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Tobacco control
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Lee JGL;Soule EK
• 通讯作者: Soule EK

Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Flux, Nicotine Yield, and Particulate Matter Emissions: Impact of Device and Liquid Heterogeneity.

电子烟尼古丁通量、尼古丁产量和颗粒物排放：设备和液体异质性的影响。

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac196
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: Soule,EricK;Mayne,Shannon;Snipes,William;Do,ElizabethK;Theall,Travis;Höchsmann,Christoph;Talih,Soha;Martin,CorbyK;Eissenberg,Thomas;Fuemmeler,BernardF
• 通讯作者: Fuemmeler,BernardF

Electronic cigarette users' reactions and responses to a hypothetical ban of flavoured electronic cigarette liquids.

• DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057454
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: TOBACCO CONTROL
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Soule, Eric K.;Mayne, Shannon;Snipes, William;Thomas, Luke;Guy, Mignonne C.;Breland, Alison;Fagan, Pebbles
• 通讯作者: Fagan, Pebbles

Increased JUUL Emissions from Initial Puffs after Removing and Reinserting Pod.

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00017
• 发表时间: 2022-03-21
• 期刊: CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Soule, Eric K.;Sousan, Sinan;Streuber, Dillon;Fresquez, Sarah E.;Mooring, Ronald;Salman, Rola;Talih, Soha;Pender, Jack
• 通讯作者: Pender, Jack